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1848–49 United States House of Representatives elections

1848–49 United States House of Representatives elections
← 1846 & 1847 August 7, 1848 – November 6, 1849[a] 1850 & 1851 →
All 233[b] seats in the United States House of Representatives
117 seats needed for a majority
  First party Second party
 
Leader Howell Cobb Robert C. Winthrop
Party Democratic Whig
Leader's seat Georgia 6th Massachusetts 1st
Last election 110 seats 116 seats
Seats won 113[b] 106
Seat change Increase 3 Decrease 10
Popular vote 1,212,632 1,231,320
Percentage 44.16% 44.84%
Swing Decrease 4.27pp Increase 0.32pp
  Third party Fourth party
 
Party Free Soil Know Nothing
Last election New Party 1 seats
Seats won 9 1
Seat change Increase 9 Steady
Popular vote 237,714 10,539
Percentage 8.66% 0.38%
Swing Increase 5.57pp[c] Decrease 0.83pp
  Fifth party
 
Party Independent
Last election 3 seats[d]
Seats won 3[e]
Seat change Steady
Popular vote 48,223
Percentage 1.76%
Swing Decrease 0.98pp
Speaker before election

Robert C. Winthrop
Whig

Elected Speaker

Howell Cobb
Democratic

The 1848–49 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between August 1848 and November 1849. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 31st United States Congress convened on December 3, 1849. The new state of Wisconsin elected its first representatives, and California also held its first congressional elections before officially achieving statehood in 1850, increasing the size of the House to 233 seats.

These elections spanned the 1848 United States presidential election and took place amid the U.S. victory over Mexico in the (1846–48) Mexican–American War. The Whigs lost their House majority as Democrats, whose support had driven the war, gained a House plurality. Among minor parties, the Free Soil Party won nine Northern seats, while the American or "Know Nothing" Party retained one.

Following the discovery of gold in January 1848, California boomed, creating immediate pressure for statehood. The Compromise of 1850, though largely crafted in the Senate, was also passed by the House, brokering its admission to the Union. Anticipating statehood, California elected two members at-large on November 13, 1849, to be seated September 11, 1850.

As neither major party held a majority when Congress convened on December 3, 1849 ⁠— the Democrats finished three seats short, while the Whigs had lost 12 seats and the majority ⁠— the election of a Speaker proved contentious.

The Whigs were sectionally split, with Northern Whigs nominating incumbent speaker Robert C. Winthrop of Massachusetts and Southern Whigs supporting Meredith P. Gentry of Tennessee. Democrats primarily supported Howell Cobb of Georgia; 13 other Democratic hopefuls also garnered support. The small Free Soil Party, opposing expansion of slavery into the Western territories, supported David Wilmot of Pennsylvania, author of the Wilmot Proviso, calling attention to slave power's hold over both major parties.

After nearly three weeks of heated debate, the House suspended its majority rule for the Speaker election: Cobb was elected on the 63rd ballot by plurality.[1]

Election summaries

[edit]

Wisconsin was apportioned an additional seat in 1848,[2] and two more seats were added for the new state of California.[3]

↓
113 11 108
Democratic [f] Whig
State Type Date Total
seats 		Democratic Free Soil Whig Other
Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change
Arkansas At-large August 7, 1848 1 1 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Illinois District August 7, 1848 7 6 Steady 0 Steady 1 Steady 0 Steady
Iowa District August 7, 1848 2 2 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Missouri District August 7, 1848 5 5 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Vermont District September 5, 1848 4 1 Steady 0 Steady 3 Steady 0 Steady
Maine District September 11, 1848 7 5 Decrease1 0 Steady 2 Increase1 0 Steady
Florida At-large October 2, 1848 1 0 Steady 0 Steady 1 Steady 0 Steady
Georgia District October 2, 1848 8 4 Steady 0 Steady 4 Steady 0 Steady
South Carolina District October 9–10, 1848 7 7 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Ohio District October 10, 1848 21 11 Increase1 2 Increase2 8 Decrease3 0 Steady
Pennsylvania District October 10, 1848 24 9 Increase2 1 Increase1 13 Decrease3 1[g] Steady
Delaware At-large November 6, 1848 1 0 Steady 0 Steady 1 Steady 0 Steady
Michigan District November 7, 1848
(Election Day)[h] 		3 2 Decrease1 0 Steady 1 Increase1 0 Steady
New Jersey District 5 1 Steady 0 Steady 4 Steady 0 Steady
New York District 34 1 Decrease10 1 Increase1 32 Increase9 0 Steady
Wisconsin District 3[i] 1 Decrease1 1 Increase1 1 Increase1 0 Steady
Massachusetts District November 13, 1848 10[j] 0 Steady 1 Increase1 8 Decrease2 0 Steady
Late elections, after the March 4, 1849 beginning of the term
New Hampshire District March 13, 1849 4 2 Steady 1 Increase1 1 Steady 0 Decrease1[k]
Connecticut District April 2, 1849 4 2 Increase2 1 Increase1 1 Decrease3 0 Steady
Rhode Island District April 4, 1849 2 0 Decrease1 0 Steady 2 Increase1 0 Steady
Virginia District April 26, 1849 15 13 Increase4 0 Steady 2 Decrease4 0 Steady
Tennessee District August 2, 1849 11 7 Increase1 0 Steady 4 Decrease1 0 Steady
Alabama District August 6, 1849 7 5 Steady 0 Steady 2 Steady 0 Steady
Indiana District August 6, 1849 10 8 Increase2 1 Increase1 1 Decrease3 0 Steady
Kentucky District August 6, 1849 10 4 Steady 0 Steady 6 Steady 0 Steady
Texas District August 6, 1849 2 2 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
North Carolina District August 7, 1849 9 3 Steady 0 Steady 6 Steady 0 Steady
Maryland District October 3, 1849 6 3 Increase1 0 Steady 3 Decrease1 0 Steady
Louisiana District November 5, 1849 4 3 Steady 0 Steady 1 Steady 0 Steady
Mississippi District November 5–6, 1849 4 4 Increase1 0 Steady 0 Decrease1 0 Steady
California At-large November 11, 1849[l] 2 1 Increase1 0 Steady 0 Steady 1[m] Increase1
Total[b] 233 113
48.7% 		Increase1 9
3.9% 		Increase9 108
46.6% 		Decrease8 2
0.9% 		Steady
Popular vote
Democratic
 
 44.16%
Free Soil
 
 8.66%
Independent
 
 1.76%
Know Nothing
 
 0.38%
Others
 
 0.20%
Whig
 
 44.84%
House seats
Democratic
 
 49.78%
Free Soil
 
 3.46%
Independent
 
 1.30%
Know Nothing
 
 0.43%
Whig
 
 45.02%

Special elections

[edit]

30th Congress

[edit]
District Incumbent This race
Member / Delegate Party First elected Results Candidates
Pennsylvania 6 John W. Hornbeck Whig 1846 Incumbent died January 16, 1848.
New member elected February 23, 1848.
Democratic gain.
Winner was not a candidate for the next term; see below.
Massachusetts 8 John Quincy Adams Whig 1830 Incumbent died February 23, 1848.
New member elected April 3, 1848.
Whig hold.
Winner later re-elected to the next term; see below.
  • ▌Green tickY Horace Mann (Whig) 60.1%
  • ▌Edgar K. Whitaker (Democratic) 26.9%
  • ▌Appleton Howe (Liberty) 13.0%[5]
South Carolina 1 James A. Black Democratic 1843 Incumbent died April 3, 1848.
New member elected May 23, 1848.
Democratic hold.
Winner later re-elected to the next term; see below.
  • ▌Green tickY Daniel Wallace (Democratic) 39.6%
  • ▌H. F. Thompson (Unknown) 35.8%
  • ▌W. F. Davie (Unknown) 24.6%[6]
Wisconsin Territory at-large John Hubbard Tweedy Whig 1846 Incumbent resigned May 28, 1848, after Wisconsin became a state.
New delegate elected October 30, 1848.
Democratic gain.
Winner later re-elected in the Minnesota Territory's at-large district; see below.
New York 6 David S. Jackson Democratic 1846 Seat declared vacant on April 19, 1848, following an election contest centered on voter fraud.
New member elected November 7, 1848.
Whig gain.
Winner not elected the same day to the next term; see below.
New York 27 John M. Holley Whig 1846 Incumbent died March 8, 1848.
New member elected November 7, 1848.
Whig hold.
Winner not elected the same day to the next term; see below.
  • ▌Green tickY Esbon Blackmar (Whig) 45.6%
  • ▌James C. Smith (Free Soil) 40.9%
  • ▌Cullen Foster (Democratic) 13.5%[9]
South Carolina 4 Alexander D. Sims Democratic 1844 Incumbent died November 22, 1848.
New member elected January 9, 1849.
Democratic hold.
Winner later re-elected to the next term; see below.

31st Congress

[edit]
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
South Carolina 4 Alexander D. Sims Democratic 1844 Incumbent had been re-elected, see below, but died November 22, 1848.
New member elected January 16, 1849.
Democratic hold.
Winner had already been elected to finish the current term; see above.
Vermont 3 George P. Marsh Whig 1843 Incumbent resigned May 29, 1849, when appointed U.S. Minister Resident to the Ottoman Empire.
New member elected September 4, 1849.
Whig hold.
Winner later re-elected to the next term.
Ohio 6 Rodolphus Dickinson Democratic 1846 Incumbent died March 20, 1849.
New member elected October 9, 1849.
Democratic hold.
Winner died the following year, leading to another special election.
Virginia 15 Alexander Newman Democratic 1849 Incumbent died September 8, 1849.
New member elected November 8, 1849.
Whig gain.
Winner later lost re-election to the next term.

Alabama

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Alabama

Elections were held August 6, 1849, after the March 4, 1849 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1849.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Alabama 1 John Gayle Whig 1847 Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.
Alabama 2 Henry W. Hilliard Whig 1845 Incumbent re-elected.
Alabama 3 Sampson Willis Harris Democratic 1847 Incumbent re-elected.
Alabama 4 Samuel Williams Inge Democratic 1847 Incumbent re-elected.
Alabama 5 George S. Houston Democratic 1841 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Alabama 6 Williamson R. W. Cobb Democratic 1847 Incumbent re-elected.
Alabama 7 Franklin W. Bowdon Democratic 1846 (special) Incumbent re-elected.

Arkansas

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Arkansas

The election was held August 7, 1848.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Arkansas at-large Robert Ward Johnson Democratic 1846 Incumbent re-elected.

California

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from California

In California two at-large members were elected November 13, 1849 in anticipation of statehood and seated September 11, 1850.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
California at-large
2 seats elected on a general ticket 		None (new state) New seat.
Independent gain.
Others
  • ▌Peter Halsted (Unknown) 2.4%
  • ▌L. W. Hastings (Unknown) 0.9%
  • ▌Pierson B. Reading (Whig) 0.7%
  • ▌W. H. Russell (Unknown) 0.4%
  • ▌J. S. Thompson (Unknown) 0.3%
  • ▌Kimball H. Dimmick (Unknown) 0.2%
None (new state) New seat.
Democratic gain.

Connecticut

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Connecticut

Elections were held April 2, 1849, after the March 4, 1849 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1849.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[23]
Connecticut 1 James Dixon Whig 1845 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
Connecticut 2 Samuel D. Hubbard Whig 1845 Incumbent lost re-election.
Free Soil gain.
Connecticut 3 John A. Rockwell Whig 1845 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Connecticut 4 Truman Smith Whig 1839
1843 (retired)
1845 		Incumbent retired to run for U.S. Senate.
Whig hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Thomas B. Butler (Whig) 51.4%
  • ▌Nathaniel H. Wildman (Democratic) 44.4%
  • ▌Barstow F. White (Free Soil) 4.1%

Delaware

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Delaware

The election was held November 6, 1848.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Delaware at-large John W. Houston Whig 1844 Incumbent re-elected.

Florida

[edit]
Main article: 1848 United States House of Representatives election in Florida
See also: List of United States representatives from Florida

Florida's single at-large member was elected October 2, 1848.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Florida at-large Edward C. Cabell Whig 1845 (special)
1846 (lost contest)
1846 		Incumbent re-elected.

Georgia

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Georgia

Elections were held October 2, 1848.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Georgia 1 T. Butler King Whig 1838
1842 (lost)
1844 		Incumbent re-elected.
Georgia 2 Alfred Iverson Sr. Democratic 1846 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Georgia 3 John William Jones Whig 1846 Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.
Georgia 4 Hugh A. Haralson Democratic 1842 Incumbent re-elected.
Georgia 5 John H. Lumpkin Democratic 1842 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Georgia 6 Howell Cobb Democratic 1842 Incumbent re-elected.
Georgia 7 Alexander H. Stephens Whig 1843 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Georgia 8 Robert Toombs Whig 1844 Incumbent re-elected.

Illinois

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Illinois

Elections were held August 7, 1848.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Illinois 1 Robert Smith Independent
Democratic 		1842[n] Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
Illinois 2 John Alexander McClernand Democratic 1842 Incumbent re-elected.
Illinois 3 Orlando B. Ficklin Democratic 1842 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Illinois 4 John Wentworth Democratic 1842 Incumbent re-elected.
Illinois 5 William Alexander Richardson Democratic 1847 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Illinois 6 Thomas J. Turner Democratic 1846 Incumbent retired.
Whig gain.
Illinois 7 Abraham Lincoln Whig 1846 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.

Indiana

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Indiana

Elections were held August 10, 1849, after the March 4, 1849 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1849.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Indiana 1 Elisha Embree Whig 1847 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Indiana 2 Thomas J. Henley Democratic 1843 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Indiana 3 John L. Robinson Democratic 1847 Incumbent re-elected.
Indiana 4 Caleb B. Smith Whig 1843 Incumbent retired.
Free Soil gain.
Indiana 5 William W. Wick Democratic 1839
1841 (retired)
1845 		Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Indiana 6 George G. Dunn Whig 1847 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
Indiana 7 Richard W. Thompson Whig 1841
1843 (retired)
1847 		Incumbent renominated but withdrew.
Whig hold.
Indiana 8 John Pettit Democratic 1843 Incumbent lost renomination.
Democratic hold.
Indiana 9 Charles W. Cathcart Democratic 1845 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Indiana 10 William R. Rockhill Democratic 1847 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.

Iowa

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Iowa

Elections were held August 7, 1848.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Iowa 1 William Thompson Democratic 1847 Incumbent re-elected.
Iowa 2 Shepherd Leffler Democratic 1846 Incumbent re-elected.

Kentucky

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Kentucky

Elections were held August 6, 1849, after the March 4, 1849 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1849.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Kentucky 1 Linn Boyd Democratic 1835
1837 (lost)
1839 		Incumbent re-elected.
Kentucky 2 Samuel Peyton Democratic 1847 Incumbent retired.
Whig gain.
Kentucky 3 Beverly L. Clarke Democratic 1847 Incumbent retired.
Whig gain.
Kentucky 4 Aylette Buckner Whig 1847 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Kentucky 5 John Burton Thompson Whig 1840 (special)
1843 (retired)
1847 		Incumbent re-elected.
Kentucky 6 Green Adams Whig 1847 Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.
Kentucky 7 Garnett Duncan Whig 1847 Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.
Kentucky 8 Charles S. Morehead Whig 1847 Incumbent re-elected.
Kentucky 9 Richard French Democratic 1835
1837 (lost)
1843
1845 (lost)
1847 		Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Kentucky 10 John P. Gaines Whig 1847 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.

Louisiana

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Louisiana

Elections were held November 5, 1849, after the March 4, 1849 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1849.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Louisiana 1 Emile La Sére Democratic 1846 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Louisiana 2 Bannon G. Thibodeaux Whig 1844 Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.
Louisiana 3 John H. Harmanson Democratic 1845 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Louisiana 4 Isaac E. Morse Democratic 1844 (special) Incumbent re-elected.

Maine

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Maine

Elections were held September 11, 1848.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Maine 1 David Hammons Democratic 1846 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Elbridge Gerry (Democratic) 55.0%
  • ▌John Jameson (Whig) 37.2%
  • ▌David Gerry (Free Soil) 7.8%[66]
Maine 2 Asa Clapp Democratic 1847 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Maine 3 Hiram Belcher Whig 1846 Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.
Maine 4 Franklin Clark Democratic 1847 Incumbent lost re-election.
Whig gain.
Maine 5 Ephraim K. Smart Democratic 1847 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Maine 6 James S. Wiley Democratic 1847 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Maine 7 Hezekiah Williams Democratic 1844 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.

Maryland

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Maryland

Elections were held October 3, 1849 elections were after the March 4, 1849 beginning of the new term, but still before the Congress convened in December 1849.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Maryland 1 John G. Chapman Whig 1845 Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Richard Bowie (Whig) 90.5%
  • ▌Jesse Garner (Unknown) 6.7%
  • ▌[FNU] Stoddard (Unknown) 2.8%[73]
Maryland 2 James Dixon Roman Whig 1847 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
Maryland 3 Thomas Watkins Ligon Democratic 1845 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Maryland 4 Robert Milligan McLane Democratic 1847 Incumbent re-elected.
Maryland 5 Alexander Evans Whig 1847 Incumbent re-elected.
Maryland 6 John W. Crisfield Whig 1847 Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.

Massachusetts

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Massachusetts

Elections were held November 13, 1848.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Massachusetts 1 Robert C. Winthrop Whig 1840 (special)
1842 (resigned)
1842 (special) 		Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 2 Daniel P. King Whig 1843 Incumbent re-elected.
First ballot (November 13, 1848)
Second ballot (January 1, 1849)
Massachusetts 3 Amos Abbott Whig 1844 (late) Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.
Massachusetts 4 John G. Palfrey Whig 1846 Incumbent lost re-election as Free Soil candidate.
No member elected due to failure to achieve majority vote.
Whig loss.
First ballot (November 13, 1848)
Second ballot (January 1, 1849)
Third ballot (March 5, 1849)
Fourth ballot (June 11, 1849)
Fifth ballot (September 10, 1849)
Sixth ballot (November 12, 1849)
Seventh ballot (January 21, 1850)
Eighth ballot (March 4, 1850)
Ninth ballot (May 27, 1850)
Tenth ballot (August 19, 1850)
Eleventh ballot (November 11, 1850)
Twelfth ballot (January 20, 1851)
Massachusetts 5 Charles Hudson Whig 1841 (special) Incumbent lost re-election.
Free Soil gain.
First ballot (November 13, 1848)
Second ballot (January 1, 1849)
Massachusetts 6 George Ashmun Whig 1844 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY George Ashmun (Whig) 52.3%
  • ▌Muhling Griswold (Democratic) 27.9%
  • ▌Daniel W. Atwood (Free Soil) 19.8%[97]
Massachusetts 7 Julius Rockwell Whig 1844 (late) Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Julius Rockwell (Whig) 51.4%
  • ▌Thomas F. Plunkett (Democratic) 28.2%
  • ▌Charles Sedgwick (Free Soil) 20.4%[98]
Massachusetts 8 Horace Mann Whig 1848 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 9 Artemas Hale Whig 1846 (late) Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.
First ballot (November 13, 1848)
  • ▌Orin Fowler (Whig) 46.6%
  • ▌Nathaniel Morton (Free Soil) 31.6%
  • ▌Foster Hooper (Democratic) 21.8%[100]
Second ballot (January 1, 1849)
  • ▌Green tickY Orin Fowler (Whig) 51.3%
  • ▌Nathaniel Morton (Free Soil) 29.3%
  • ▌Foster Hooper (Democratic) 19.4%[101]
Massachusetts 10 Joseph Grinnell Whig 1843 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Joseph Grinnell (Whig) 56.2%
  • ▌Abraham H. Howland (Free Soil) 17.9%
  • ▌Charles B. Fessenden (Democratic) 14.3%
  • ▌Sampson Hart (Free Soil) 8.0%
  • ▌John A. Kasson (Free Soil) 3.6%[102]

Michigan

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Michigan

Elections were held November 7, 1848.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Michigan 1 Robert McClelland Democratic 1843 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Alexander W. Buel (Democratic) 46.8%
  • ▌George C. Bates (Whig) 40.8%
  • ▌Caleb N. Ormsby (Free Soil) 12.4%[103]
Michigan 2 Charles E. Stuart Democratic 1847 (special) Incumbent lost re-election.
Whig gain.
Michigan 3 Kinsley S. Bingham Democratic 1846 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Kinsley S. Bingham (Democratic) 51.0%
  • ▌George H. Hazelton (Whig) 38.7%
  • ▌John M. Lamb (Free Soil) 10.3%[105]

Minnesota Territory

[edit]

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Mississippi

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Mississippi

Elections were held November 5–6, 1849, after the March 4, 1849 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1849.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Mississippi 1 Jacob Thompson Democratic 1839 Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 2 Winfield S. Featherston Democratic 1847 Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 3 Patrick W. Tompkins Whig 1847 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
Mississippi 4 Albert G. Brown Democratic 1847 Incumbent re-elected.

Missouri

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Missouri

Elections were held August 7, 1848.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Missouri 1 James B. Bowlin Democratic 1842 Incumbent re-elected.
Missouri 2 John Jameson Democratic 1839 (special)
1840 (retired)
1842
1844 (retired)
1846 		Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Missouri 3 James S. Green Democratic 1846 Incumbent re-elected.
Missouri 4 Willard P. Hall Democratic 1846 Incumbent re-elected.
Missouri 5 John S. Phelps Democratic 1844 Incumbent re-elected.

New Hampshire

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from New Hampshire

Elections were held March 13, 1849, after the March 4, 1849 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1849.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
New Hampshire 1 Amos Tuck Independent 1847 Incumbent re-elected as a Free Soiler.
Free Soil gain.
New Hampshire 2 Charles H. Peaslee Democratic 1847 Incumbent re-elected.
New Hampshire 3 James Wilson II Whig 1847 Incumbent re-elected.
New Hampshire 4 James Hutchins Johnson Democratic 1845 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Harry Hibbard (Democratic) 57.9%
  • ▌Jonathan K. Kitteridge (Whig) 28.7%
  • ▌John H. White (Free Soil) 13.4%[118]

New Jersey

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from New Jersey

Elections were held November 7, 1848.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
New Jersey 1 James G. Hampton Whig 1844 Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.
New Jersey 2 William A. Newell Whig 1846 Incumbent re-elected.
New Jersey 3 Joseph E. Edsall Democratic 1844 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
New Jersey 4 John Van Dyke Whig 1846 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY John Van Dyke (Whig) 54.5%
  • ▌Henry Holland (Democratic) 45.0%
  • ▌[FNU] Sewell (Free Soil) 0.5%[122]
New Jersey 5 Dudley S. Gregory Whig 1846 Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.
  • ▌Green tickY James G. King (Whig) 56.7%
  • ▌Joseph Hollingsworth (Democratic) 39.3%
  • ▌James Horn (Free Soil) 4.0%[123]

New York

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from New York

Elections were held November 7, 1848.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
New York 1 Frederick William Lord Democratic 1846 Incumbent retired.
Whig gain.
  • ▌Green tickY John A. King (Whig) 47.8%
  • ▌Henry F. Jones (Free Soil) 26.7%
  • ▌William H. Brown (Democratic) 25.4%
  • ▌Joseph H. Goldsmith (Liberty) 0.1%[124]
New York 2 Henry C. Murphy Democratic 1842
1844 (lost)
1846 		Incumbent retired.
Whig gain.
New York 3 Henry Nicoll Democratic 1846 Incumbent retired.
Whig gain.
New York 4 William B. Maclay Democratic 1842 Incumbent lost re-election.
Whig gain.
New York 5 Frederick A. Tallmadge Whig 1846 Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.
New York 6 Vacant Rep. David S. Jackson (D) was vacated from his
seat on April 19, 1848, after an election contest.
Whig gain.
Winner was not elected the same day to finish
the current term; see above.
New York 7 William Nelson Whig 1846 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY William Nelson (Whig) 50.3%
  • ▌Nicholas C. Blauvelt (Democratic) 31.9%
  • ▌John C. Blauvelt (Free Soil) 17.8%[130]
New York 8 Cornelius Warren Whig 1846 Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Ransom Halloway (Whig) 51.2%
  • ▌Charles Ga Nun (Democratic) 35.2%
  • ▌Benjamin V. Bailey (Free Soil) 13.6%[131]
New York 9 Daniel B. St. John Whig 1846 Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.
New York 10 Eliakim Sherrill Whig 1846 Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Herman D. Gould (Whig) 40.0%
  • ▌John Edgerton (Free Soil) 28.3%
  • ▌Almiron Fitch (Anti-Rent) 19.2%
  • ▌Truman H. Wheeler (Democratic) 12.5%[133]
New York 11 Peter H. Silvester Whig 1846 Incumbent re-elected.
New York 12 Gideon Reynolds Whig 1846 Incumbent re-elected as an Anti-Rent Whig.
  • ▌Green tickY Gideon Reynolds (Anti-Rent Whig) 52.9%
  • ▌George B. Warren (Whig) 46.8%
  • ▌John L. Dunlap (Liberty) 0.3%[135]
New York 13 John I. Slingerland Whig 1846 Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.
New York 14 Orlando Kellogg Whig 1846 Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.
New York 15 Sidney Lawrence Democratic 1846 Incumbent lost re-election as Free Soil candidate.
Whig gain.
New York 16 Hugh White Whig 1844 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Hugh White (Whig) 52.2%
  • ▌Daniel D. Campbell (Democratic) 26.0%
  • ▌Patrick H. Cowen (Free Soil) 21.8%[139]
New York 17 George Petrie Independent
Democratic 		1846 Incumbent retired.
Whig gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Henry P. Alexander (Whig) 47.2%
  • ▌John Nellis (Free Soil) 43.0%
  • ▌Simeon Sammons (Democratic) 9.7%
  • ▌Jesse Campbell (Liberty) 0.1%[140]
New York 18 William Collins Democratic 1846 Incumbent retired.
Free Soil gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Preston King (Free Soil) 53.1%
  • ▌Benjamin Squire (Whig) 37.3%
  • ▌Edwin Dodge (Democratic) 9.6%[141]
New York 19 Joseph Mullin Whig 1846 Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.
New York 20 Timothy Jenkins Democratic 1844 Incumbent retired.
Whig gain.
New York 21 George Anson Starkweather Democratic 1846 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
New York 22 Ausburn Birdsall Democratic 1846 Incumbent retired.
Whig gain.
New York 23 William Duer Whig 1846 Incumbent re-elected.
New York 24 Daniel Gott Whig 1846 Incumbent re-elected.
New York 25 Harmon S. Conger Whig 1846 Incumbent re-elected.
New York 26 William T. Lawrence Whig 1846 Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.
New York 27 Vacant Rep. John M. Holley (W) died March 8, 1848.
Whig hold.
Winner was not elected the same day to finish
the current term; see above.
New York 28 Elias B. Holmes Whig 1844 Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.
New York 29 Robert L. Rose Whig 1846 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Robert L. Rose (Whig) 53.0%
  • ▌Joseph Garlinghouse (Free Soil) 31.6%
  • ▌George R. Parburt (Democratic) 14.7%
  • ▌Abraham Pennel (Liberty) 0.7%[152]
New York 30 David Rumsey Whig 1846 Incumbent re-elected.
New York 31 Dudley Marvin Whig 1822
1828 (lost)
1846 		Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Elijah Risley (Whig) 51.7%
  • ▌Amasa L. Chaffee (Democratic) 27.2%
  • ▌Truman R. Colman (Free Soil) 21.1%[154]
New York 32 Nathan K. Hall Whig 1846 Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.
New York 33 Harvey Putnam Whig 1838 (special)
1838 (retired)
1846 		Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Harvey Putnam (Whig) 50.5%
  • ▌W. Riley Smith (Free Soil) 25.6%
  • ▌Samuel W. Willett (Democratic) 23.7%
  • ▌Hugh T. Brooks (Liberty) 0.2%[156]
New York 34 Washington Hunt Whig 1842 Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.

North Carolina

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from North Carolina

Elections were held August 7, 1849, after the March 4, 1849 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1849.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
North Carolina 1 Thomas L. Clingman Whig 1843
1845 (lost)
1847 		Incumbent re-elected.
North Carolina 2 Nathaniel Boyden Whig 1847 Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.
North Carolina 3 Daniel Moreau Barringer Whig 1843 Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.
North Carolina 4 Augustine Henry Shepperd Whig 1827
1839 (lost)
1841
1843 (retired)
1847 		Incumbent re-elected.
North Carolina 5 Abraham Watkins Venable Democratic 1847 Incumbent re-elected.
North Carolina 6 John R. J. Daniel Democratic 1841 Incumbent re-elected.
North Carolina 7 James Iver McKay Democratic 1831 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
North Carolina 8 Richard Spaight Donnell Whig 1847 Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.
North Carolina 9 David Outlaw Whig 1847 Incumbent re-elected.

Ohio

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Ohio

Elections were held October 10, 1848.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Ohio 1 James J. Faran Democratic 1844 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Ohio 2 David Fisher Whig 1846 Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.
Ohio 3 Robert C. Schenck Whig 1843 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 4 Richard S. Canby Whig 1846 Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.
Ohio 5 William Sawyer Democratic 1844 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Ohio 6 Rodolphus Dickinson Democratic 1846 Incumbent re-elected.
Incumbent then died March 20, 1849, leading to a
special election; see above.
Ohio 7 Jonathan D. Morris Democratic 1847 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 8 John L. Taylor Whig 1846 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 9 Thomas O. Edwards Whig 1846 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Ohio 10 Daniel Duncan Whig 1846 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Ohio 11 John K. Miller Democratic 1846 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 12 Samuel F. Vinton Whig 1822
1836 (retired)
1843 		Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Samuel F. Vinton (Whig) 53.3%
  • ▌Simeon W. Tucker (Democratic) 40.6%
  • ▌David Richmond (Ind. Democratic) 6.1%[178]
Ohio 13 Thomas Ritchey Democratic 1846 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Ohio 14 Nathan Evans Whig 1846 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 15 William Kennon Jr. Democratic 1846 Incumbent lost re-election.
Whig gain.
Ohio 16 John D. Cummins Democratic 1844 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Ohio 17 George Fries Democratic 1844 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Joseph Cable (Democratic) 50.2%
  • ▌Joseph Mason (Whig) 45.5%
  • ▌Wiliam Farmer (Free Soil) 4.3%[183]
Ohio 18 Samuel Lahm Democratic 1846 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Ohio 19 John Crowell Whig 1846 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 20 Joshua Reed Giddings Whig 1838 (special)
1842 (resigned)
1842 (special) 		Incumbent re-elected as a Free Soiler.
Free Soil gain.
Ohio 21 Joseph M. Root Whig 1844 Incumbent re-elected as a Free Soiler.
Free Soil gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Joseph M. Root (Free Soil) 57.8%
  • ▌Ezra M. Stone (Democratic) 41.6%%
  • Scattering 3.4%[187]

Oregon Territory

[edit]

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Pennsylvania

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Pennsylvania

Elections were held October 10, 1848.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Pennsylvania 1 Lewis Charles Levin Know Nothing 1844 Incumbent re-elected.
Pennsylvania 2 Joseph Reed Ingersoll Whig 1834
1836 (retired)
1841 (special) 		Incumbent declined to accept renomination.
Whig hold.
Pennsylvania 3 Charles Brown Democratic 1840
1842 (retired)
1846 		Incumbent retired.
Whig gain.
Pennsylvania 4 Charles Jared Ingersoll Democratic 1812
1814 (lost)
1840 		Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Pennsylvania 5 John Freedley Whig 1846 Incumbent re-elected.
Pennsylvania 6 Samuel A. Bridges Democratic 1848 (special) Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Pennsylvania 7 Abraham Robinson McIlvaine Whig 1843 Incumbent lost renomination.
Whig hold.
Pennsylvania 8 John Strohm Whig 1844 Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.
Pennsylvania 9 William Strong Democratic 1846 Incumbent re-elected.
Pennsylvania 10 Richard Brodhead Democratic 1843 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Pennsylvania 11 Chester P. Butler Whig 1846 Incumbent re-elected.
Pennsylvania 12 David Wilmot Democratic 1844 Incumbent re-elected.
Pennsylvania 13 James Pollock Whig 1844 (special) Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.
Pennsylvania 14 George Nicholas Eckert Whig 1846 Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.
Pennsylvania 15 Henry Nes Whig 1843
1844 (retired)
1846 		Incumbent re-elected.
Pennsylvania 16 Jasper Ewing Brady Whig 1846 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Pennsylvania 17 John Blanchard Whig 1844 Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.
Pennsylvania 18 Andrew Stewart Whig 1820
1828 (lost)
1830
1834 (lost)
1843 		Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.
Pennsylvania 19 Job Mann Democratic 1834
1836 (lost)
1846 		Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Job Mann (Democratic) 59.1%
  • ▌Peter Livergood (Whig) 40.9%[206]
Pennsylvania 20 John Dickey Whig 1843
1844 (retired)
1846 		Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Robert R. Reed (Whig) 48.4%
  • ▌William Hopkins (Democratic) 47.9%
  • ▌John Clark (Free Soil) 3.7%[207]
Pennsylvania 21 Moses Hampton Whig 1846 Incumbent re-elected.
Pennsylvania 22 John W. Farrelly Whig 1846 Incumbent retired.
Free Soil gain.
Pennsylvania 23 James Thompson Democratic 1844 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY James Thompson (Democratic) 50.8%
  • ▌James Campbell (Whig) 47.5%
  • ▌John Mann (Free Soil) 1.7%[210]
Pennsylvania 24 Alexander Irvin Whig 1846 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Alfred Gilmore (Democratic) 50.5%
  • ▌George W. Smith (Whig) 48.4%
  • ▌Daniel McGlaughlin (Free Soil) 1.1%[211]

Rhode Island

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Rhode Island

Elections were held April 4, 1849, after the March 4, 1849 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1849.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Rhode Island 1
Rhode Island 2

South Carolina

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from South Carolina and 1842 United States Senate special election in South Carolina

Elections were held October 9–10, 1848.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
South Carolina 1
South Carolina 2
South Carolina 3
South Carolina 4 Alexander D. Sims Democratic 1844 Incumbent re-elected.
Incumbent then died November 22, 1848, leading to two special elections.
South Carolina 5
South Carolina 6
South Carolina 7

Tennessee

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Tennessee
Tennessee Results, shaded according to winning candidates share of vote

Elections were held August 2, 1849.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Tennessee 1 Andrew Johnson Democratic 1842 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 2 William M. Cocke Whig 1845 Incumbent lost re-election as a Democrat.
Whig hold.
Tennessee 3 John H. Crozier Whig 1845 Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.
Tennessee 4 Hugh L.W. Hill Democratic 1847 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY John H. Savage (Democratic) 48.44%
  • ▌Samuel Turney (Unknown) 38.82%
  • ▌John B. Rogers (Whig) 12.74%[216]
Tennessee 5 George W. Jones Democratic 1842 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 6 James H. Thomas Democratic 1847 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 7 Meredith P. Gentry Whig 1845 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 8 Washington Barrow Whig 1847 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
Tennessee 9 Lucien B. Chase Democratic 1845 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Tennessee 10 Frederick P. Stanton Democratic 1845 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 11 William T. Haskell Whig 1847 Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.

Texas

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Texas

Elections were held August 6, 1849.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Texas 1
Texas 2

Vermont

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Vermont

Elections were held September 5, 1848.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[12]
Vermont 1 William Henry Whig 1846 Incumbent re-elected.
Vermont 2 Jacob Collamer Whig 1843 Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.
First ballot
Second ballot
Vermont 3 George P. Marsh Whig 1843 Incumbent re-elected.
First ballot
Second ballot
Vermont 4 Lucius B. Peck Democratic 1846 Incumbent re-elected.
First ballot
Second ballot

Virginia

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Virginia

Elections were held April 26, 1849, after the March 4, 1849 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1849.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[224]
Virginia 1 Archibald Atkinson Democratic 1843 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY John Millson (Democratic) 51.7%
  • ▌Samuel Watts (Whig) 48.3%
Virginia 2 Richard Kidder Meade Democratic 1847 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Richard Kidder Meade (Democratic) 88.7%
  • ▌[FNU] Shell (Unknown) 5.7%
  • ▌S. J. Weisigner (Whig) 5.7%
Virginia 3 Thomas Flournoy Whig 1847 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Virginia 4 Thomas S. Bocock Democratic 1847 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 5 William L. Goggin Whig 1839
1843 (lost contest)
1844 (special)
1845 (retired)
1847 		Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Virginia 6 John Botts Whig 1839
1843 (lost)
1847 		Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Virginia 7 Thomas H. Bayly Democratic 1844 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 8 Richard L. T. Beale Democratic 1847 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Virginia 9 John Pendleton Whig 1845 Incumbent lost re-election.
Independent Whig gain.
Virginia 10 Henry Bedinger Democratic 1845 Incumbent lost renomination.
Democratic hold.
Virginia 11 James McDowell Democratic 1846 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 12 William B. Preston Whig 1847 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
Virginia 13 Andrew S. Fulton Whig 1847 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
Virginia 14 Robert A. Thompson Democratic 1847 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Virginia 15 William G. Brown Sr. Democratic 1845 Incumbent lost renomination.
Democratic hold.

Wisconsin

[edit]
Main article: 1848 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin
See also: List of United States representatives from Wisconsin

Wisconsin members were first elected in advance of its June 1848 statehood. It elected two members to finish the current term in the 30th Congress, and then it gained an elected an additional member for elections to the 31st Congress.

30th Congress

[edit]

Wisconsin's two members were elected May 8, 1848.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[225]
Wisconsin 1 None (new state) New seat.
Democratic gain.
Wisconsin 2 None (new state) New seat.
Democratic gain.

31st Congress

[edit]

Wisconsin's three members were elected November 7, 1848.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[225]
Wisconsin 1 William Pitt Lynde Democratic 1848 Incumbent lost re-election.
Free Soil gain.
Wisconsin 2 Mason C. Darling Democratic 1848 Incumbent retired.
Whig gain.
Wisconsin 3 None (new district) New seat.
Democratic gain.

Non-voting delegates

[edit]
See also: Non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives

Going into these elections, there were no incumbent delegates, because the only territory — Wisconsin Territory — became a state in 1848. Two new territories — Minnesota Territory and Oregon Territory — were granted delegates in 1849.

District Incumbent This race
Delegate Party First elected Results Candidates
Minnesota Territory New district New seat.
New delegate elected July 7, 1849.
Democratic gain.
Oregon Territory New district New seat.
New delegate elected in 1849.
Democratic gain.

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Excludes states admitted during the 31st Congress
  2. ^ a b c Includes late elections
  3. ^ In comparison to its precursor, the Liberty Party, in the last election cycle.
  4. ^ Includes two Independent Democrats.
  5. ^ Includes one Independent, one Independent Whig, and one Anti-Rent Whig.
  6. ^ There were 9 Free Soilers, 1 Know Nothing, and 1 Independent.
  7. ^ 1 Know Nothing
  8. ^ In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform date for choosing presidential electors (see: Statutes at Large, 28th Congress, 2nd Session, p. 721). Congressional elections were unaffected by this law, but the date was gradually adopted by the states for congressional elections as well.
  9. ^ Increase of 1 seat.
  10. ^ One vacancy, in Massachusetts's 4th district, for the duration of the 31st Congress (as no candidate received a majority of the vote after multiple elections).
  11. ^ Previous election had 1 Independent.
  12. ^ Seated September 11, 1850 after admission to the Union.
  13. ^ 1 Independent elected.
  14. ^ Smith was first elected as a Democrat but won re-election in 1846 as an Independent Democrat.

References

[edit]
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  2. ^ 9 Stat. 235
  3. ^ 9 Stat. 452
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  92. ^ "MA District 4 - 10th Trial". Our Campaigns. April 18, 2011. Retrieved July 19, 2025.
  93. ^ "MA District 4 - 11th Trial". Our Campaigns. April 18, 2011. Retrieved July 19, 2025.
  94. ^ "MA District 4 - 12th Trial". Our Campaigns. April 18, 2011. Retrieved July 19, 2025.
  95. ^ "MA District 5 - 1st Trial". Our Campaigns. March 10, 2011. Retrieved July 16, 2025.
  96. ^ "MA District 5 - 2nd Trial". Our Campaigns. March 10, 2011. Retrieved July 16, 2025.
  97. ^ "MA District 6". Our Campaigns. March 22, 2011. Retrieved July 18, 2025.
  98. ^ "MA District 7". Our Campaigns. March 10, 2011. Retrieved July 18, 2025.
  99. ^ "MA District 8". Our Campaigns. January 5, 2011. Retrieved July 18, 2025.
  100. ^ "MA District 9 - 1st Trial". Our Campaigns. April 21, 2011. Retrieved July 18, 2025.
  101. ^ "MA District 9 - 2nd Trial". Our Campaigns. April 21, 2011. Retrieved July 18, 2025.
  102. ^ "MA District 10". Our Campaigns. April 9, 2011. Retrieved July 18, 2025.
  103. ^ "MI - District 01 Race - Nov 07, 1848". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
  104. ^ "MI - District 02 Race - Nov 07, 1848". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
  105. ^ "MI - District 03 Race - Nov 07, 1848". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
  106. ^ "MS - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 8, 2021.
  107. ^ "MS - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 8, 2021.
  108. ^ "MS - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 8, 2021.
  109. ^ "MS - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 8, 2021.
  110. ^ "MO District 1". Our Campaigns. October 26, 2007. Retrieved July 19, 2025.
  111. ^ "MO District 2". Our Campaigns. October 26, 2007. Retrieved July 19, 2025.
  112. ^ "MO District 3". Our Campaigns. October 26, 2007. Retrieved July 19, 2025.
  113. ^ "MO District 4". Our Campaigns. October 26, 2007. Retrieved July 19, 2025.
  114. ^ "MO District 5". Our Campaigns. October 26, 2007. Retrieved July 19, 2025.
  115. ^ "NH District 1". Our Campaigns. January 5, 2011. Retrieved July 20, 2025.
  116. ^ "NH District 2". Our Campaigns. January 5, 2011. Retrieved July 20, 2025.
  117. ^ "NH District 3". Our Campaigns. January 5, 2011. Retrieved July 20, 2025.
  118. ^ "NH District 4". Our Campaigns. January 5, 2011. Retrieved July 20, 2025.
  119. ^ "NJ District 1". Our Campaigns. February 13, 2011. Retrieved July 20, 2025.
  120. ^ "NJ District 2". Our Campaigns. February 14, 2011. Retrieved July 21, 2025.
  121. ^ "NJ District 3". Our Campaigns. February 14, 2011. Retrieved July 21, 2025.
  122. ^ "NJ District 4". Our Campaigns. February 14, 2011. Retrieved July 21, 2025.
  123. ^ "NJ District 5". Our Campaigns. February 14, 2011. Retrieved July 21, 2025.
  124. ^ "NY District 1". Our Campaigns. February 24, 2011. Retrieved July 28, 2025.
  125. ^ "NY District 2". Our Campaigns. February 24, 2011. Retrieved July 30, 2025.
  126. ^ "NY District 3". Our Campaigns. February 24, 2011. Retrieved July 30, 2025.
  127. ^ "NY District 4". Our Campaigns. February 24, 2011. Retrieved July 30, 2025.
  128. ^ "NY District 5". Our Campaigns. March 4, 2011. Retrieved July 30, 2025.
  129. ^ "NY District 6". Our Campaigns. March 4, 2011. Retrieved July 30, 2025.
  130. ^ "NY District 7". Our Campaigns. March 4, 2011. Retrieved August 4, 2025.
  131. ^ "NY District 8". Our Campaigns. March 4, 2011. Retrieved August 4, 2025.
  132. ^ "NY District 9". Our Campaigns. April 27, 2011. Retrieved August 4, 2025.
  133. ^ "NY District 10". Our Campaigns. February 12, 2011. Retrieved August 5, 2025.
  134. ^ "NY District 11". Our Campaigns. February 12, 2011. Retrieved August 5, 2025.
  135. ^ "NY District 12". Our Campaigns. February 12, 2011. Retrieved August 5, 2025.
  136. ^ "NY District 13". Our Campaigns. April 27, 2011. Retrieved August 5, 2025.
  137. ^ "NY District 14". Our Campaigns. May 6, 2011. Retrieved August 8, 2025.
  138. ^ "NY District 15". Our Campaigns. May 7, 2011. Retrieved August 8, 2025.
  139. ^ "NY District 16". Our Campaigns. March 10, 2011. Retrieved August 8, 2025.
  140. ^ "NY District 17". Our Campaigns. April 23, 2011. Retrieved August 8, 2025.
  141. ^ "NY District 18". Our Campaigns. January 29, 2011. Retrieved August 9, 2025.
  142. ^ "NY District 19". Our Campaigns. June 17, 2011. Retrieved August 9, 2025.
  143. ^ "NY District 20". Our Campaigns. March 10, 2011. Retrieved August 9, 2025.
  144. ^ "NY District 21". Our Campaigns. May 7, 2011. Retrieved August 9, 2025.
  145. ^ "NY District 22". Our Campaigns. March 10, 2011. Retrieved August 9, 2025.
  146. ^ "NY District 23". Our Campaigns. April 26, 2011. Retrieved August 9, 2025.
  147. ^ "NY District 24". Our Campaigns. April 23, 2011. Retrieved August 9, 2025.
  148. ^ "NY District 25". Our Campaigns. June 30, 2011. Retrieved August 11, 2025.
  149. ^ "NY District 26". Our Campaigns. May 7, 2011. Retrieved August 11, 2025.
  150. ^ "NY District 27". Our Campaigns. May 13, 2011. Retrieved August 12, 2025.
  151. ^ "NY District 28". Our Campaigns. April 27, 2011. Retrieved August 12, 2025.
  152. ^ "NY District 29". Our Campaigns. June 17, 2011. Retrieved August 12, 2025.
  153. ^ "NY District 30". Our Campaigns. September 5, 2016. Retrieved August 12, 2025.
  154. ^ "NY District 31". Our Campaigns. May 7, 2011. Retrieved August 12, 2025.
  155. ^ "NY District 32". Our Campaigns. June 27, 2016. Retrieved August 12, 2025.
  156. ^ "NY District 33". Our Campaigns. May 6, 2011. Retrieved August 12, 2025.
  157. ^ "NY District 34". Our Campaigns. March 31, 2011. Retrieved August 12, 2025.
  158. ^ "NC - District 01". Our Campaigns. January 16, 2005. Retrieved August 12, 2025.
  159. ^ "NC District 02". Our Campaigns. January 28, 2005. Retrieved August 12, 2025.
  160. ^ "NC District 03". Our Campaigns. May 22, 2005. Retrieved August 12, 2025.
  161. ^ "NC District 04". Our Campaigns. June 13, 2005. Retrieved August 16, 2025.
  162. ^ "NC District 05". Our Campaigns. June 26, 2005. Retrieved August 16, 2025.
  163. ^ "NC District 06". Our Campaigns. July 1, 2005. Retrieved August 16, 2025.
  164. ^ "NC - District 07". Our Campaigns. July 2, 2005. Retrieved August 16, 2025.
  165. ^ "NC District 08". Our Campaigns. June 1, 2024. Retrieved August 16, 2025.
  166. ^ "NC District 09". Our Campaigns. May 15, 2005. Retrieved August 16, 2025.
  167. ^ "OH District 01". Our Campaigns. April 11, 2008. Retrieved August 19, 2025.
  168. ^ "OH District 01". Our Campaigns. April 11, 2008. Retrieved August 19, 2025.
  169. ^ "OH District 03". Our Campaigns. April 11, 2008. Retrieved August 19, 2025.
  170. ^ "OH District 04". Our Campaigns. April 11, 2008. Retrieved August 19, 2025.
  171. ^ "OH District 05". Our Campaigns. April 11, 2008. Retrieved August 19, 2025.
  172. ^ "OH District 06". Our Campaigns. April 11, 2008. Retrieved August 19, 2025.
  173. ^ "OH District 07". Our Campaigns. April 11, 2008. Retrieved August 19, 2025.
  174. ^ "OH District 08". Our Campaigns. April 11, 2008. Retrieved August 19, 2025.
  175. ^ "OH District 09". Our Campaigns. April 11, 2008. Retrieved August 19, 2025.
  176. ^ "OH District 10". Our Campaigns. April 11, 2008. Retrieved August 19, 2025.
  177. ^ "OH District 11". Our Campaigns. April 11, 2008. Retrieved August 20, 2025.
  178. ^ "OH District 12". Our Campaigns. April 11, 2008. Retrieved August 20, 2025.
  179. ^ "OH District 13". Our Campaigns. April 11, 2008. Retrieved August 20, 2025.
  180. ^ "OH District 14". Our Campaigns. April 11, 2008. Retrieved August 20, 2025.
  181. ^ "OH District 15". Our Campaigns. April 11, 2008. Retrieved August 20, 2025.
  182. ^ "OH District 16". Our Campaigns. April 11, 2008. Retrieved August 20, 2025.
  183. ^ "OH District 17". Our Campaigns. May 9, 2006. Retrieved August 20, 2025.
  184. ^ "OH District 18". Our Campaigns. April 11, 2008. Retrieved August 21, 2025.
  185. ^ "OH District 19". Our Campaigns. April 11, 2008. Retrieved August 21, 2025.
  186. ^ "OH District 20". Our Campaigns. April 11, 2008. Retrieved August 21, 2025.
  187. ^ "OH District 21". Our Campaigns. April 11, 2008. Retrieved August 21, 2025.
  188. ^ "PA - District 01". Our Campaigns. January 27, 2008. Retrieved August 23, 2025.
  189. ^ "PA - District 02". Our Campaigns. April 24, 2009. Retrieved August 23, 2025.
  190. ^ "PA - District 03". Our Campaigns. April 24, 2009. Retrieved August 23, 2025.
  191. ^ "PA - District 04". Our Campaigns. April 24, 2009. Retrieved August 23, 2025.
  192. ^ "PA - District 05". Our Campaigns. April 24, 2009. Retrieved August 23, 2025.
  193. ^ "PA - District 06". Our Campaigns. August 27, 2015. Retrieved August 23, 2025.
  194. ^ "PA - District 07". Our Campaigns. April 19, 2009. Retrieved August 23, 2025.
  195. ^ "PA - District 08". Our Campaigns. April 10, 2009. Retrieved August 23, 2025.
  196. ^ "PA - District 09". Our Campaigns. April 3, 2009. Retrieved August 23, 2025.
  197. ^ "PA - District 10". Our Campaigns. February 22, 2009. Retrieved August 23, 2025.
  198. ^ "PA - District 11". Our Campaigns. January 18, 2009. Retrieved August 23, 2025.
  199. ^ "PA District 12". Our Campaigns. January 17, 2009. Retrieved August 23, 2025.
  200. ^ "PA District 13". Our Campaigns. January 10, 2009. Retrieved August 23, 2025.
  201. ^ "PA - District 13". Our Campaigns. January 10, 2009. Retrieved August 23, 2025.
  202. ^ "PA - District 15". Our Campaigns. January 9, 2009. Retrieved August 24, 2025.
  203. ^ "PA District 16". Our Campaigns. October 11, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2025.
  204. ^ "PA District 17". Our Campaigns. April 4, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2025.
  205. ^ "PA - District 18". Our Campaigns. January 24, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2025.
  206. ^ "PA - District 19". Our Campaigns. January 17, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2025.
  207. ^ "PA District 20". Our Campaigns. October 20, 2007. Retrieved August 24, 2025.
  208. ^ "PA - District 21". Our Campaigns. September 1, 2007. Retrieved August 24, 2025.
  209. ^ "PA District 22". Our Campaigns. June 16, 2007. Retrieved August 24, 2025.
  210. ^ "PA - District 23". Our Campaigns. June 14, 2007. Retrieved August 24, 2025.
  211. ^ "PA District 24". Our Campaigns. June 2, 2007. Retrieved August 24, 2025.
  212. ^ "Our Campaigns - SC - District 04 Race - Oct 09, 1848". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  213. ^ "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 15, 2021.
  214. ^ "TN - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 15, 2021.
  215. ^ "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 15, 2021.
  216. ^ "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 15, 2021.
  217. ^ "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 15, 2021.
  218. ^ "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 15, 2021.
  219. ^ "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 15, 2021.
  220. ^ "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 15, 2021.
  221. ^ "TN - District 09". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 15, 2021.
  222. ^ "TN - District 10". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 15, 2021.
  223. ^ "TN - District 11". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 15, 2021.
  224. ^ "Virginia Elections Database » Virginia Election Results and Statistics". Virginia Elections Database. Retrieved August 31, 2024.
  225. ^ a b "Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results" (PDF). Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2012. Retrieved March 8, 2022 – via Wayback Machine.

Bibliography

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