Species of rodent
| Broad-headed spiny rat |
Conservation status |
 Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1] |
Scientific classification  |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Rodentia |
| Family: | Echimyidae |
| Subfamily: | Euryzygomatomyinae |
| Genus: | Clyomys |
| Species: | C. laticeps |
| Binomial name |
Clyomys laticeps
Thomas, 1909 |
| Synonyms |
| Clyomys bishopi Avila-Pires and Wutke, 1981[1][2] |
The broad-headed spiny rat (Clyomys laticeps) is a spiny rat species from South America. The etymology of the species name is the Latin word laticeps meaning "wide-headed".
Description
The species has a head-body length that ranges from 15 to 30 cm (5.9 to 11.8 in), with a tail 5 to 9 cm (2.0 to 3.5 in) long, and weigh between 180 and 334 g (6.3 and 11.8 oz). They have short ears and limbs, and feet with powerful claws adapted for digging. The fur is interspersed with spines; it is grizzled reddish or yellowish and black over most of the body, and paler grey to almost white on the underparts.[2]
Distribution and habitat
Broad-headed spiny rats are native to southern Brazil and eastern Paraguay, where they inhabit open cerrado habitats at elevations up to 1,100 m (3,600 ft).[1] Within this region, they are found only in unflooded grasslands and open-canopy savannah woodlands, where the soil is soft and suitable for burrowing.[3]
Biology and behaviour
These rats live in colonies and spend much of their life underground. The burrows can be large and relatively complex, with tunnels 8 to 9 cm (3.1 to 3.5 in) wide, spiralling down as much as 85 cm (33 in) to one or more nests lined with grass or containing food stocks.[2] They are herbivorous, and feed mainly on monocots.[4] Births are probably seasonal, with one or two young being born each year, and weaned by the end of the wet season.[2]
References
- ^ a b c Marinho-Filho, J. (2016). "Clyomys laticeps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T4989A22205489. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T4989A22205489.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ^ a b c d Bezerra, A.M.R.; de Oliviera, J.A. & Bonvicino, C.R. (October 2016). "Clyomys laticeps (Rodentia: Echimyidae)". Mammalian Species. 48 (938): 83–90. doi:10.1093/mspecies/sew009.
- ^ Bezerra, A.M.R. & de Oliviera, J.A. (February 2010). "Taxonomic implications of cranial morphometric variation in the genus Clyomys Thomas, 1916 (Rodentia: Echimyidae)". Journal of Mammalogy. 91 (1): 260–272. doi:10.1644/08-MAMM-A-320R1.1. S2CID 86188722.
- ^ Vieria, M.V. (2003). "Seasonal niche dynamics in coexisting rodents of the Brazilian cerrado". Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment. 38 (1): 7–15. doi:10.1076/snfe.38.1.7.14034. S2CID 86160450.
Extant species of family Echimyidae (Spiny rats), including Myocastoridae (Coypus) and Capromyidae (Hutias)
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| Echimyinae | | Echimyini | | Dactylomys | - Bolivian bamboo rat (D. boliviensis)
- Amazon bamboo rat (D. dactylinus)
- Montane bamboo rat (D. peruanus)
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| Diplomys | - Colombian soft-furred spiny rat (D. caniceps)
- Rufous soft-furred spiny rat (D. labilis)
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| Echimys | - White-faced spiny tree-rat (E. chrysurus)
- Dark spiny tree-rat (E. saturnus)
- Vieira's spiny tree-rat (E. vieirai)
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| Isothrix | - I. barbarabrownae
- Yellow-crowned brush-tailed rat (I. bistriata)
- Rio Negro brush-tailed rat (I. negrensis)
- Plain brush-tailed rat (I. pagurus)
- Sinnamary brush-tailed rat (I. sinnamariensis)
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| Kannabateomys | - Atlantic bamboo rat (K. amblyonyx)
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| Lonchothrix | - Tuft-tailed spiny tree-rat (L. emiliae)
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| Makalata | - Red-nosed armored tree-rat (M. didelphoides)
- Long-tailed armored tree-rat (M. macrura)
- Dark armored tree-rat (M. obscura)
- Peruvian armored tree-rat (M. rhipidura)
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| Mesomys | - Ferreira's spiny tree-rat (M. hispidus)
- Woolly-headed spiny tree-rat (M. leniceps)
- Tufted-tailed spiny tree-rat (M. occultus)
- Pará spiny tree-rat (M. stimulax)
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| Olallamys | - White-tailed olalla rat (O. albicauda)
- Greedy olalla rat (O. edax)
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| Pattonomys | - Bare-tailed armored tree-rat (P. occasius)
- Speckled spiny tree-rat (P. semivillosus)
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| Phyllomys | - Golden Atlantic tree-rat (P. blainvillii)
- Orange-brown Atlantic tree-rat (P. brasiliensis)
- Drab Atlantic tree-rat (P. dasythrix)
- Kerr's Atlantic tree-rat (P. kerri)
- Pallid Atlantic tree-rat (P. lamarum)
- Lund's Atlantic tree-rat (P. lundi)
- Mantiqueira Atlantic tree-rat (P. mantiqueirensis)
- Long-furred Atlantic tree-rat (P. medius)
- Blacked-spined Atlantic tree-rat (P. nigrispinus)
- Rusty-sided Atlantic tree-rat (P. pattoni)
- Southern Atlantic tree-rat (P. sulinus)
- Giant Atlantic tree-rat (P. thomasi)
- Short-furred Atlantic tree-rat (P. unicolor)
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| Santamartamys | - Red-crested tree-rat (S. rufodorsalis)
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| Toromys | - Giant tree-rat (T. grandis)
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| Myocastorini | | Callistomys | - Painted tree-rat (C. pictus)
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| Hoplomys | - Armored rat (H. gymnurus)
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| Myocastor | |
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| Proechimys | | group canicollis | - Colombian spiny rat (P. canicollis)
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| group decumanus | - Pacific spiny rat (P. decumanus)
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| group echinothrix | - Stiff-spine spiny rat (P. echinothrix)
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| group gardneri | - Gardner's spiny rat (P. gardneri)
- Kulina spiny rat (P. kulinae)
- Patton's spiny rat (P. pattoni)
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| group goeldii | - Goeldi's spiny rat (P. goeldii)
- Napo spiny rat (P. quadruplicatus)
- Steere's spiny rat (P. steerei)
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| group guyannensis | - Guyenne spiny rat (P. guyannensis)
- Roberto's spiny rat (P. roberti)
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| group longicaudatus | - Short-tailed spiny rat (P. brevicauda)
- Cuvier's spiny rat (P. cuvieri)
- Long-tailed spiny rat (P. longicaudatus)
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| group semispinosus | - O'Connell's spiny rat (P. oconnelli)
- Tome's spiny rat (P. semispinosus)
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| group simonsi | - Simon's spiny rat (P. simonsi)
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| group trinitatus | - Trinidad spiny rat (P. trinitatus)
- Boyacá spiny rat (P. chrysaeolus)
- Guaira spiny rat (P. guairae)
- Guyanan spiny rat (P. hoplomyoides)
- Magdalena spiny rat (P. magdalenae)
- Minca spiny rat (P. mincae)
- Gray-footed spiny rat (P. poliopus)
- Sucre spiny rat (P. urichi)
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| Thrichomys | - Common punaré (T. apereoides)
- Foster's punaré (T. fosteri)
- Highlands punaré (T. inermis)
- Sao Lourenço punaré (T. laurentius)
- Paraguayan punaré (T. pachyurus)
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| Euryzygomatomyinae | | — | | Clyomys | - Broad-headed spiny rat (C. laticeps)
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| Euryzygomatomys | - Brandt's guiara (E. guiara)
- Fischer's guiara (E. spinosus)
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| Trinomys | - White-spined Atlantic spiny rat (T. albispinus)
- Soft-spined Atlantic spiny rat (T. dimidiatus)
- Elias's Atlantic spiny rat (T. eliasi)
- Gracile Atlantic spiny rat (T. gratiosus)
- Ihering's Atlantic spiny rat (T. iheringi)
- Dark-caped Atlantic spiny rat (T. mirapitanga)
- Moojen's Atlantic spiny rat (T. moojeni)
- Mouse-tailed Atlantic spiny rat (T. myosuros)
- Spiked Atlantic spiny rat (T. paratus)
- Hairy Atlantic spiny rat (T. setosus)
- Yonenaga's Atlantic spiny rat (T. yonenagae)
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| Incertae sedis | |
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| Capromyinae | | Capromyini | | Capromys | - Desmarest's hutia (C. pilorides)
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| Geocapromys | - Jamaican coney (G. brownii)
- Bahamian hutia (G. ingrahami)
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| Mesocapromys | - Cabrera's hutia (M. angelcabrerai)
- Eared hutia (M. auritus)
- Black-tailed hutia (M. melanurus)
- Dwarf hutia (M. nanus)
- San Felipe hutia (M. sanfelipensis)
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| Mysateles | - Garrido's hutia (M. garridoi)
- Isla De La Juventud tree hutia (M. meridionalis)
- Prehensile-tailed hutia (M. prehensilis)
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| Plagiodontini | |
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Taxon identifiers |
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| Clyomys laticeps | |
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