Diplocercides

Diplocercides Temporal range: Frasnian to middle Famennian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Diplocercides heiligostockensis
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Sarcopterygii
Class:	Actinistia
Family:	†Diplocercididae Berg, 1940
Genus:	†Diplocercides Stensiö, 1922
Species
D. heiligenstockiensis Jessen, 1966 D. kayseri von Koenen, 1895 D. jaekeli Stensiö, 1922

Diplocercides is an extinct genus of marine coelacanth which lived during the Late Devonian period. It is the only confirmed member of the family Diplocercididae (=Diplocercidae), although some studies classify other genera such as Nesides, Chagrinia, and Euporosteus in it as well.^[1][2][3]

The following species are known:

• D. heiligenstockiensis Jessen, 1966 - Frasnian of Germany (Bergisch Gladbach Formation)^[4]
• D. kayseri (von Koenen, 1895) - late Frasnian of Germany (Kellwasserkalk Formation) and early to middle Famennian of Poland (Holy Cross Mountains) (=Nesides schmidti Stensio 1937)^[4][5]
• D. jaekeli Stensiö, 1922 - Frasnian of Germany (Bergisch Gladbach Formation)^[4]

Indeterminate remains are known from the Frasnian of Iran, and potentially the Frasnian-aged Gogo Formation of Australia.^[4][6] Specimens from South Africa that were formerly assigned to this genus have since been described in their own genus, Serenichthys. The species D. davisi Moy-Thomas, 1937, from the Mississippian of Ireland, which was formerly thought to be the only post-Devonian species, is now thought to represent a subadult Rhabdoderma, indicating that Diplocercides likely went extinct by the End-Devonian extinction.^[5][7]

Fossils of the species D. kayseri are known to have three-dimensionally preserved cranial endocasts, making it one of the only known coelacanths aside from the extant Latimeria where the shape of the brain is known. In 2010, three-dimensional specimens of tentative Diplocercides were described from the Gogo Formation of Western Australia, with these also containing preserved endocasts.^[6][8]

• LONG, J.A. & TRINAJSTIC, K. 2010. The Late Devonian Gogo Formation Lagerstatte –Exceptional preservation and Diversity in early Vertebrates. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 38: 665-680

• Diplocercides at Palaeos.

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Actinistia

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Class: Sarcopterygii
Gnathostomata see Gnathostomata Actinistia see below↓ Actinistia

Actinistia sensu lato	†Styloichthys? †"Onychodontiformes" Bukkanodus Grossius Luckeus Onychodus Qingmenodus Selenodus Strunius Actinistia sensu stricto †Eoactinistia †Euporosteus †Hainbergia †Nesides †Rebellatrix †Scleracanthus †Shoshonia †Styloichthys? †Youngichthys †Miguashaiidae Gavinia Miguashaia †Diplocercidae Chagrinia Dictyonosteus Diplocercides Serenichthys †Hadronectoridae Allenypterus Hadronector Holopterygius Lochmocercus Polyosteorhynchus †Rhabdodermatidae Caridosuctor Coelacanthopsis? Dumfregia Rhabdoderma Sassenia Spermatodus Synaptotylus †Laugiidae Belemnocerca Coccoderma Laugia Trachymetopon Coelacanthiformes †Coelacanthopsis? †Dobrogeria †Heptanema †Luopingcoelacanthus †Sinocoelacanthus †Yunnancoelacanthus †Coelacanthidae Axelia Chaohuichthys Coelacanthus Graphiuricthys Indocoelacanthus Moenkopia Mylacanthus Quayia Wimania †Whiteiidae Atacamaia Guizhoucoelacanthus Piveteauia Whiteia Latimerioidei †Garnbergia †Mawsoniidae Alcoveria Axelrodichthys Changxingia Chinlea Diplurus Lualabaea Mawsonia Parnaibaia Rhipis Latimeriidae †Foreyia †Holophagus Latimeria †Libys †Macropoma †Macropomoides †Megalocoelacanthus †Rieppelia †Swenzia †Ticinepomis †Undina

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