Fujiwara no Tadaie
Fujiwara no Tadaie 藤原忠家 | |
---|---|
Tadaie outside the screen | |
Born | 1033 |
Died | December 19, 1091 |
Father | Fujiwara no Nagaie |
Fujiwara no Tadaie (藤原 忠家, 1033 – December 19, 1091), also known as Mikohidari Tadaie, was a Japanese statesman, courtier, politician, poet and calligrapher during the Heian period.[1]
In 1090 he ordained as a Buddhist monk and undertook the precepts a year later. He died several months later.
Career at court
He was a minister during the reigns of Emperor Go-Reizei,[2] Emperor Shirakawa and Emperor Horikawa.[3]
Tadaie did well at court, rising to the Senior Second Rank and the office of Dainagon (Major Counselor).[4]
Poet
In this period of Japanese history, the duties of Imperial courtiers included an expectation that each would create and present poems.[5]
An incident from Tadaie's life is featured in a poem which captured a fleeting moment and a gallant gesture:
Rōmaji | English |
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Calligrapher
Examples of calligraphy attributable to Tadaie are identified variously by the Japanese government as a "National Treasure", as an "Important Art Object" and as an "Important Cultural Property".[7]
Genealogy
Tadaie's grandfather was Fujiwara no Michinaga; and his father was Fujiwara no Nagaie. The son of Tadaie was Fujiwara no Toshitada (1071–1123).[8] This lineage was identified as the Mikohidari lineage within the Hokke branch of the Fujiwara clan.[4]
Tadaie was the grandfather of the poet Fujiwara no Toshinari (1114–1204),[9] who was also known as Shunzei.[10] Tadaie was the great-grandfather of Fujiwara no Sadaie, also known as Fujiwara no Teika.
Notes
- ^ Museen der Stadt Koln. (1975). "Fujiwara no Toshitada," in Sho : Pinselschrift und Malerei in Japan vom 7.-19. Jahrhundert, p. 84; excerpt, "... Staatsratsmitglieds (State Council Member) Fujiwara no Tadaie ...."
- ^ Sato, Hiroaki (2008). Japanese Women Poets: An Anthology. p. 122, no. 174.
- ^ Carter, Steven D (1993). Traditional Japanese Poetry: An Anthology. p. 227, no. 67.
- ^ a b Journal of Asian Culture (1989), Vol. 13, p. 166.
- ^ Carter, Steven D. (2007). Householders: the Reizei Family in Japanese History, p. 374; excerpt, "... courtiers at the Palace presented poems on the idea of "Enjoying Artificial Cherry Blossoms," at the time of Retired Emperor Go-Reizei"
- ^ Porter, William N. (1909). A Hundred Verses from Old Japan, being a Translation of the Hyaku-nin-isshiu, pp. 148-149; excerpt, "... [A] lady-in- waiting at the Court of the Emperor Goreizei ... was present one day at a long and tedious court function, and, feeling very tired and sleepy, she called to a servant for a pillow; ... Tadaie, gallantly offered her his arm, with a request that she would rest her head there, and she replied with this verse."
- ^ Tokyo National Museum, "Essay on Ten Styles of Japanese Poems" Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine (National Treasure) n.b., the manuscript's calligraphy is attributable to Tadaie according to a curatorial note by Kohitsu Ryōsa (1572-1662) at the end of the scroll; compare "Segment from the Michinari Shu Poetry Anthology" (Important Art Object) in "Courtly Art: Heian to Muromachi Periods (8c-16c)"; compare "Record of Various Poem Contests," (Important Cultural Property); retrieved 2011-07-26.
- ^ Nagako, Fujiwara et al. (1977). The Emperor Horikawa Diary, p. 57; excerpt, "Toshitada was a grandson of Fujiwara no Michinaga's son Nagaie. This Nagaie had been well-known as a poet, and the poetic tradition was kept alive in the family by his son Tadaie and grandson Toshitada. Toshitada's son, Toshinari and grandson Sadaie (Teika) rank among the greatest of all Japanese poets."
- ^ National Institutes for Cultural Heritage, "Essay on Ten Styles of Japanese Poems" Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine (National Treasure)
- ^ Keene, Donald. (1999). Seeds in the Heart, p. 681 n2; excerpt, "... the Sino-Japanese versions of their names were used by their contemporaries, and this practice is still observed."
References
- Porter, William N. (1909). A Hundred Verses from Old Japan, Being a Translation of the Hyaku-nin-isshiu. Oxford: Oxford University Press. OCLC 475094624
- Sato, Hiroaki. (2008). Japanese Women Poets: an Anthology. Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe.ISBN 9780765617835; OCLC 70131159
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- In the 13th century, the main line of the Fujiwara family split into "Five regent houses": the Kujō, Nijō and Ichijō (descendants of Kanezane); and also the Konoe and Takatsukasa (descendants of Motozane). To view the complete family tree, visit Fujiwara family tree.
- ^ a b c Brinkley, Frank and Dairoku Kikuchi. (1915). A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era. New York: Encyclopædia Britannica. OCLC 413099
- ^ a b c d e Kanai, Madoka; Nitta, Hideharu; Yamagiwa, Joseph Koshimi (1966). A topical history of Japan. Sub-Committee on Far Eastern Language Instruction of the Committee on Institutional Cooperation. p. 6.
- ^ a b Brown, Delmer M. (1988). The Cambridge History of Japan: Volume 1. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521223522.
- ^ a b 平城宮兵部省跡. 奈良文化財研究所. 2005. p. 168.
- ^ Yoshikawa, Toshiko (2006). 仲麻呂政権と藤原永手・八束(真楯)・千尋(御楯). Hanawa Shobō (塙書房). ISBN 978-4-8273-1201-0.
- ^ Tyler, Royall (1993). The Book of the Great Practice: The Life of the Mt. Fuji Ascetic Kakugyō Tōbutsu Kū (PDF). Asian Folklore Studies. p. 324.
- ^ Yoneda, Yūsuke (2002). 藤原摂関家の誕生. 吉川弘文館. p. 139.
- ^ Nakagawa, Osamu (1991). "藤原良継の変" [The Rise of Fujiwara no Yoshitsugu]. 奈良朝政治史の研究 [Political History of the Nara Period] (in Japanese). Takashina Shoten (高科書店).
- ^ Kimoto, Yoshinobu (1998). 藤原式家官人の考察. 高科書店. p. 47. ISBN 978-4-87294-923-0.
- ^ Takemitsu, Makoto (2013). 日本史の影の主役藤原氏の正体: 鎌足から続く1400年の歴史. PHP研究所. p. 103. ISBN 978-4569761046.
- ^ http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~sg2h-ymst/hamanari.html
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- ^ Kimoto, Yoshinobu (2004). "『牛屋大臣』藤原是公について" [On "Ushiya-Daijin" Fujiwara no Korekimi]. 奈良時代の藤原氏と諸氏族 [The Fujiwara Clan and Other Clans of the Nara Period] (in Japanese). Ohfu.
- ^ Kurihara, Hiromu. 藤原内麿家族について [The Family of Fujiwara no Uchimaro]. Japanese History (日本歴史) (in Japanese) (511).
- ^ Kurihara, Hiromu (2008). "藤原冬嗣家族について" [Fujiwara no Fuyutsugu's Family]. 平安前期の家族と親族 [Family and Relatives During the Early Heian Period] (in Japanese). Azekura Shobo (校倉書房). ISBN 978-4-7517-3940-2.
- ^ a b 公卿補任 [Kugyō Bunin] (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1982.
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- ^ Haruo, Sasayama (2003). "藤原兼通の政権獲得過程". 日本律令制の展開 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). ISBN 978-4-642-02393-1.
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- ^ Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). Gukanshō: The Future and the Past. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-03460-0; OCLC 251325323
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