Hinduism expansion in Asia, from its heartland in Indian Subcontinent, to the rest of Asia, especially Southeast Asia, started circa 1st century marked with the establishment of early Hindu settlements and polities in Southeast Asia.
^The estimates vary depending on whether temporary workers – with no residency nor right to openly practice their religion – are included or not. The official Kuwaiti government census data does not count Hindus as residents or citizens of Kuwait.
^In the United Arab Emirates, only Sunni Muslims can become citizens, non Muslims there are working as work-class laborers and employees on a particular time and contract basis.[15]
^The lower number is based on Pew Research estimate and is primarily concentrated in the island of Bali, Indonesia and nearby provinces of Indonesia. The higher number is based on a 2010 estimate by the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Government of Indonesia.[16] The largest Hindu organization in Indonesia Parisada Hindu Dharma Indonesia states that the Indonesian census greatly underestimates Hindu population, because predominantly Muslim nation of Indonesia does not recognize all forms of Hinduism, and only recognizes monotheistic Hinduism under its constitution.[17][18]
References
Citations
^"Projected Changes in the Global Hindu Population". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 2 April 2015. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
^"Hindus". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 18 December 2012. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
^"Table: Religious Composition by Country, in Numbers". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 18 December 2012. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
^Reyaz, M. (30 May 2014). "[Analysis] Are there any takeaways for Muslims from the Narendra Modi government?". DNA India. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
^"Gorkhas to march for restoration of Nepal's Hindu nation status". Hindustan Times. 10 August 2017. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
^"Hinduism - The spread of Hinduism in Southeast Asia and the Pacific". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
^Indonesia: Religious Freedoms Report 2010, US State Department (2011), Quote: "The Ministry of Religious Affairs estimates that 10 million Hindus live in the country and account for approximately 90 percent of the population in Bali. Hindu minorities also reside in Central and East Kalimantan, the city of Medan (North Sumatra), South and Central Sulawesi, and Lombok (West Nusa Tenggara). Hindu groups such as Hare Krishna and followers of the Indian spiritual leader Sai Baba are present in small numbers. Some indigenous religious groups, including the "Naurus" on Seram Island in Maluku Province, incorporate Hindu and animist beliefs, and many have also adopted some Protestant teachings."
^F.K. Bakker (1997), Balinese Hinduism and the Indonesian State: Recent Developments, Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, Deel 153, 1ste Afl., Brill Academic, pp. 15–41
^Martin Ramstedt (2004). Hinduism in Modern Indonesia: A Minority Religion Between Local, National, and Global Interests. Routledge. pp. 7–12. ISBN 978-0-7007-1533-6.
^"Philippines, Religion And Social Profile". thearda.com. Archived from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
Bibliography
Marsh, Donna (2015e). Doing business in the Middle-East. Brown Book Group. ISBN 9-781-472-13567-4.
Brodd, Jeffrey (2003). World Religions. Winona: MN: Saint Mary's Press. ISBN 978-0-88489-725-5.