Oscar Peschel
Oscar Ferdinand Peschel (17 March 1826, Dresden – 13 August 1875, Leipzig) was a German geographer and anthropologist.[1]
Biography
As the son of an officer and teacher at the local military school, Peschel studied law from 1845 to 1848 in Leipzig and Heidelberg. In 1850 he joined the editorial staff of the Augsburger Allgemeine Zeitung. In 1854 he took over the editorship for the journal Das Ausland,[2] of which he continued until the end of March 1871.
In 1871 he became a full professor of the newly established chair of geography at the University of Leipzig.[2] This is thus the fourth oldest chair of geography in Germany after Berlin, Göttingen and Bonn.[3]
Peschel 1858 corresponding member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences. Shortly before his death he was also a regular member of the Royal Saxon Society of Sciences in Leipzig.[4]
Racial classification
In 1871 he became a full professor of the newly established Chair of Geography at the University of Leipzig, he was also a prominent corresponding member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences. Peschel is most remembered for his book The Races of Man: and their geographical distribution (1876) which classifies man into seven races: Australoids, (Papuans), (Melanesians), Mongoloids, Dravidians, Bushmen (Capoids), Negroids and Mediterraneans (Caucasoids - the race itself is divided by Peschel into the Hamite, Semite, and Indo-European families).
Selected works
- Geschichte des Zeitalters der Entdeckungen, 1858 - History of the eras of discovery.
- Geschichte der erdkunde, 1865 - History of geography.
- Neue Probleme der vergleichenden Erdkunde als versuch einer Morphologie de Erdoberfläche, 1870 - New problems of comparative geography in regards to the morphology of the Earth's surface.
- Völkerkunde, 1874 - Ethnology.
- "The races of man : and their geographical distribution", 1876.
- Abhandlungen zur Erd- und Völkerkunde, 1877 - On geography and ethnology.[5]
Legacy
Peschel Island in the Svalbard archipelago is named after Peschel.[6]
See also
References
- ^ The little encyclopedia Encyclios-Verlag, Zurich, 1950, Volume 2, Page 342
- ^ a b Peschel, Oscar Ferdinand @ NDB/ADB Deutsche Biographie
- ^ Sabine Höhler: World areas. Campus-Verlag, 2005, page 122
- ^ Universität Leipzig Archived 2013-11-02 at the Wayback Machine (biographical sketch)
- ^ OCLC Classify (published works)
- ^ Stadnamn i norske polarområde: Pescheløya (Svalbard).
- Parts of this article are based on text of an equivalent article at the German Wikipedia.
- Rainer W. Gardener, The development of scientific geography in Saxony under the influence of Oscar Peschel, Delitsch Otto and Ferdinand von Richthofen, typescript written. Diss. Leipzig 1993.
- Friedrich Ratzel: Peschel, Oscar . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB).
- Friedrich Ratzel: Peschel, Oscar . General German Biography (ADB). Band 25, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1887, S. 416–430. Volume 25, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1887, pp. 416–430.
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- An Essay upon the Causes of the Different Colours of People
in Different Climates (1744) - The Outline of History of Mankind (1785)
- Occasional Discourse on the Negro Question (1849)
- An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races (1855)
- The Races of Europe (Ripley, 1899)
- The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century (1899)
- Race Life of the Aryan Peoples (1907)
- Heredity in Relation to Eugenics (1911)
- Castes in India (1916)
- The Passing of the Great Race (1916)
- The Rising Tide of Color Against White World-Supremacy (1920)
- The Myth of the Twentieth Century (1930)
- Annihilation of Caste (1936)
- The Races of Europe (Coon, 1939)
- An Investigation of Global Policy with the Yamato Race as Nucleus (1943)
- The Race Question (1950)