Polyxena of Lobkowicz

Czech noble (1566–1642)

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German. (July 2017) Click [show] for important translation instructions.

View a machine-translated version of the German article.
Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at [[:de:Polyxena von Lobkowicz]]; see its history for attribution.
You may also add the template {{Translated|de|Polyxena von Lobkowicz}} to the talk page.
For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

Polyxena of Lobkowicz (1566 – 24 May 1642) was a politically active Czech noble and styled Princess of the House of Lobkowicz. She played an important role as the channel between the noble families of Bohemia and the imperial court in Vienna through her connection with the Spanish envoy during the counter-reformation in Bohemia after 1618.

Life

She was the daughter of the Imperial High Chancellor of Bohemia, Vratislav of Pernštejn (1530–1582), and a Spanish noblewoman, Maria Maximiliana Manrique de Lara y Mendoza.^[1] Maria brought with her from Spain a statue of the Child Jesus, which she had received as a wedding present. It became well-known for its purported miraculous healing powers.

Maria Pernštejn presented the statue to her daughter, upon Polyxena's marriage to the High Burgrave Wilhelm von Rosenberg in 1587. William died in 1592. In 1603, the widowed Polyxena married the Imperial High Chancellor Zdeněk Vojtěch Popel of Lobkowitz.^[2]

In 1618, the aging Emperor Matthias named his cousin Ferdinand of Styria his heir, and had him crowned King of Bohemia. Tensions increased between the Catholic Ferdinand and the Protestant nobles. The application of the Letter of Majesty was controversial in Bohemia. The Protestants argued that it allowed them to build churches on Crown and Catholic prelates' lands, but the Catholics did not accept their interpretation.^[3] In 1618 two of the Emperor's royal governors were thrown from the windows of Hradčany Castle by Protestant nobles. They survived the fall and took refuge from a mob in the Lobkowicz Palace below the castle, protected by Polyxena Lobkowicz.^[4] The Defenestration in Prague contributed to the subsequent Bohemian Revolt.

In 1628, Polyxena Pernštejn von Lobkowicz donated the statue to the Discalced Carmelites of the Carmelite Church of Our Lady Victorious. It became known as the Infant of Prague.

She is the ancestor of several royal families, including that of the Russian Emperors, the kings of Denmark and England, and others.

References

^ "History of the Lobkowicz Palace", House of Lobkowicz
^ Němcová, Božena. Czech Heroines, University of West Bohemia
^ Bireley, Robert. Religion and Politics in the Age of the Counterreformation: Emperor Ferdinand II, William Lamormaini, SJ, and the Formation of the Imperial Policy (U Press of North Carolina, 2012, p.93
^ Carey, Nick. "The Lobkowicz family", Radio Prague International, September 20, 2000

Bibliography

Petr Vorel: Páni z Pernštejna. Vzestup a pád rodu zubří hlavy v dějinách Čech a Moravy. Rybka, Prag 1999, ISBN 80-86182-24-X, S. 265, 267f., 271–274 und 276–280.