The Twentieth Century Encyclopedia of Catholicism is a series of 150 volumes examining topics pertaining to Catholicism, many of them originally published in France. It was published in English in the United States by Hawthorn Books from 1958 to 1971. The series editor was Henri Daniel-Rops. The series was divided into 16 sections. In the United States, volumes were published individually over a number of years and made available for sale separately.
Background Information
General
The Twentieth Century Encyclopedia of Catholicism was intended to cover every aspect of the Catholic faith. Most of the authors occupied major posts in Catholic universities. Because most of the participating authors were European, the books were translated into English under the supervision of Lancelot Sheppard. The resulting works were approved by separate editorial boards in the United States and England. The individual books were also reviewed by officials of the Catholic Church, who granted the Church's imprimatur to each volume.[1]
This series of books was originally planned to comprise 150 volumes organized into 15 sections encompassing general topics such as belief, faith, the nature of man, the Bible, etc. However, when completed, the series consisted of 16 sections; this was accomplished by reducing the size of the planned section covering Catholicism and the Arts from 13 volumes[2] to 6 volumes, and creating an additional section for Catholicism and Science that consisted of 8 volumes.[3] Ultimately the series consisted of 148 works of scholarship, as well as a "double-sized" index that was assigned two volume numbers.
The contemporary reaction to The Twentieth Century Encyclopedia of Catholicism was quite favorable. Besides the Catholic press and academics praising the series, the secular Saturday Review proclaimed it, "An enterprise of great scope in the intellectual and spiritual life of contemporary Catholicism."[4] The series was awarded the Thomas More Association Medal[citation needed] "for the most distinguished contribution to Catholic publishing in 1958."[5]
Publication
Hawthorn Books made an announcement in January 1958 that it was preparing to publish a new Catholic encyclopedia. The firm advised that it was planning on releasing the English language version of a French Catholic encyclopedia currently being published; at that time, 40 volumes of the French version were already in print.[6] Instead of using the large folio format typically used in encyclopedias, the individual volumes were published in the much smaller octavo format, each about 125-150 pages in length. Each volume, while germane to the topic of its section, was meant to be self-contained with its own citations and bibliography.[7]
The production was intended to be an international effort: with the books published in the U.S. by Hawthorn Books, in Canada by McClelland & Stewart Ltd, in Great Britain by Burnes Oates and Washbourne, in France by Librairie Arthème Fayard, and in Germany by Paul Pattlock Verlag.[8] However, it is unknown if the publishing ventures besides those in the United States and France occurred.[citation needed]
The books within the series were planned to be published over a period of 75 months. Subscribers could purchase them at a rate of two-books-a-month for $5.00. If purchased individually, the books were sold for $3.50 each.[9] The order in which the volumes were published did not coincide with the volume numbers within the series; for example, the first book published, What is the Bible?, was actually assigned volume #60 within the structure of the encyclopedia.
Publication of The Twentieth Century Encyclopedia of Catholicism started in September 1958 and by December 1964, 128 of the volumes had been published. However, production of the series took longer than planned and not all of the initially projected books were published. The final volume, the index, was not published until 1971. Also, while most of the volumes of the encyclopedia (94 by September 1962) were published before the beginning of the Second Vatican Council, some were published after the conclusion of that ecumenical council and reflect its influence.
Senior Editorial Team
All four of the men that formed the senior editorial team were well-established Catholic authors, academics, and editors.[10]
Henri Daniel-Rops, Editor-in-Chief
Lancelot C. Sheppard, English Supervising Editor
Brother Celestine Luke, F.S.C., S.T.D., American Consulting Editor and Chief of Consultants
Joseph W. Sprug, Editor of the Index
Organization of the Encyclopedia
The Twentieth Century Encyclopedia of Catholicism was divided into sixteen sections, each of which was intended to explore a topic within the Catholic faith more deeply. The table below lists the sections and their topics.
Sections of The Twentieth Century Encyclopedia of Catholicism
Section
Topic
Section
Topic
I
Knowledge and Faith
IX
The Church and the Modern World
II
The Basic Truths
X
The Worship of the Church
III
The Nature of Man
XI
Catholicism and Literature
IV
The Means of Redemption
XII
Catholicism and the Arts
V
The Life of Faith
XIII
Catholicism and Science
VI
The Word of God
XIV
Outside the Church
VII
The History of the Church
XV
Non-Christian Beliefs
VIII
The Organization of the Church
XVI
General and Supplementary Volumes
Section I. Knowledge and Faith
Listing of Volumes Published for Section I
Volume
Title
Author(s)
Date
Publication Order
1
The Achievements of Vatican II
Hollis, Christopher
Feb-67
141
2
Is Theology a Science?
Chenu, Marie-Dominique; Green-Armytage; Adrian Howell North
1959
23
3
The Meaning of Tradition
Congar, Yves
1964
126
4
What is Dogma?
Journet, Charles
Jul-64
121
5
Do Dogmas Change?
Rondet, Henri
May-61
65
6
What is Faith?
Joly, Eugène
Sep-58
2
7
The Debate on Birth Control
Bauer, Andrew (ed)
1969
148
8
Myth or Mystery?
Daniélou, Jean
Jun-68
145
9
Revelation and Reason
Broglie, Guy de
1965
131
10
Is There a Christian Philosophy?
Nédoncelle, Maurice
Apr-60
39
11
The Origins of Christian Philosophy
Tresmontant, Claude
Jan-63
99
12
Medieval Christian Philosophy
Delhaye, Philippe
1960
45
13
The Basis of Belief
Trethowan, Illtyd
Feb-61
59
14
Christianity and Science
Abelé, Jean
Oct-61
76
15
The God of Reason
Jolivet, Régis
Nov-58
6
Section II. The Basic Truths
Listing of Volumes Published for Section II
Volume
Title
Author(s)
Date
Publication Order
16
The Worship of God
Philippe, M.-D. (Marie-Dominique)
Sep-59
26
17
What is the Trinity?
Piault, Bernard.
Feb-59
11
18
The Holy Spirit
Henry, Antonin Marcel
Oct-60
51
19
The Creation
Mouiren, Trophime
Dec-62
98
20
The Problem of Evil
Petit, François, O. Praem
Sep-59
25
21
Who is the Devil?
Cristiani, Léon
Oct-58
4
22
Freedom and Providence
Pontifex, Mark
Sep-60
49
23
The Theology of Grace
Daujat, Jean
May-59
18
24
What is the Incarnation?
Ferrier, Francis,
Jul-62
90
25
What is Redemption?
Philippe de la Trinité, Father
Sep-61
72
26
The Communion of Saints
Lamirande, Émilien
Jan-63
100
27
Faith, Hope and Charity
Bars, Henry
May-61
66
28
Life After Death
Becqué, Maurice, and Becqué, Louis
Aug-60
48
Section III. The Nature of Man
Listing of Volumes Published for Section III
Volume
Title
Author(s)
Date
Publication Order
29
The Origins of Man
Cristiani, Léon
Nov-58
5
30
Evolution
Collin, Rémy
Nov-59
29
31
What is Man?
Le Trocquer, René
Feb-61
60
32
What is Life?
Biot, René
Mar-59
13
33
Personal Responsibility
Lawlor, Monica Mary
Nov-63
111
34
Man in His Environment
Folliet, Joseph
Sep-63
108
35
Man and Metaphysics
Jolivet, Régis
Aug-61
71
36
Psychical Phenomena
Omez, Réginald
Dec-58
7
Section IV. The Means of Redemption
Listing of Volumes Published for Section IV
Volume
Title
Author(s)
Date
Publication Order
37
Prayer
Daujat, Jean
Dec-64
127
38
The Nature of Mysticism
Knowles, David
Oct-66
138
39
Spiritual Writers of the Early Church
Cayré, Fulbert
Jan-59
10
40
Spiritual Writers of the Middle Ages
Sitwell, Gerard, O.S.B.
Sep-61
71
41
Post-Reformation Spirituality
Cognet, Louis
Oct-59
28
42
Spiritual Writers in Modern Times
Sheppard, Lancelot C. (Lancelot Capel)
1967
143
43
True and False Possession
Lhermitte, Jean
Mar-63
101
44
Mary The Mother of God
Suenens, Léon Joseph
Oct-59
27
45
The Devotion to Our Lady
Graef, Hilda C.
Aug-63
106
46
What is a Saint?
Douillet, Jacques
Oct-58
3
47
What is an Angel?
Régamey, P.-R. (Pie-Raymond)
Jan-60
33
Section V. The Life of Faith
Listing of Volumes Published for Section V
Volume
Title
Author(s)
Date
Publication Order
48
What is the Church?
Bovis, André de
Nov-61
77
49
What is a Sacrament?
Piault, Bernard
Oct-63
110
50
Christian Initiation
McCormack, Arthur
1969
147
51
Penance and Absolution
Barton, John M. T. (John Mackintosh Tilney)
Apr-61
63
52
What is the Eucharist?
Nicolas, Maria Iosephus
Aug-60
47
53
What is a Priest?
Lécuyer, Joseph
Jul-59
21
54
Christian Marriage
Fabrègues, Jean de
Dec-59
31
55
Death and the Christian
Didier, Jean-Charles
Mar-61
61
56
What is Christian Life?
Liégé, Pierre André
Nov-61
78
57
The Enigma of the Stigmata
Biot, René
Dec-62
97
58
Christian Ethics
Hawkins, D. J. B. (Denis John Bernard)
Dec-63
113
59
Christianity and Money
Leclercq, Jacques
May-59
17
Section VI. The Word of God
Listing of Volumes Published for Section VI
Volume
Title
Author(s)
Date
Publication Order
60
What is the Bible?
Daniel-Rops, Henri
Sep-58
1
61
The Promised Land
Blanchard, Raoul; Du Buit, F. M. (François Michel)
Sep-66
137
62
Biblical Archaeology
Du Buit, F. M. (François Michel)
Dec-60
55
63
Biblical Criticism
Steinmann, Jean
Dec-58
8
64
God's Word At Mass
Koenig, John H.
Jan-67
139
65
The Religion of Israel
Gelin, Albert
1959
16
66
The Prophets
Dheilly, Joseph
1960
56
67
The Sources for the Life of Christ
Amiot, F. (François), P.S.S. ; Danielou, Jean, S.J.; Brunot, Amedee, S.C.J.; Daniel-Rops, Henri
Aug-62
92
68
The Life of Our Lord
Daniel-Rops, Henri
Nov-64
125
69
What is the Gospel?
Paupert, Jean-Marie
Oct-62
95
70
St. Paul and His Message
Brunot, Amédée
Jul-59
22
71
The Old Testament Apocrypha
Dimier, Catherine
Jun-64
120
72
The New Testament Apocrypha
Hervieux, Jacques
Nov-60
53
73
Judaism
Démann, Paul
Aug-61
72
Section VII. The History of the Church
Listing of Volumes Published for Section VII
Volume
Title
Author(s)
Date
Publication Order
74
Christian Beginnings
Zeiller, Jacques
Nov-60
54
75
The Dawn of the Middle Ages
Palanque, Jean-Rémy
Sep-60
50
76
The Early Middle Ages
Guillemain, Bernard
Jul-60
46
77
The Later Middle Ages
Guillemain, Bernard
Jun-60
44
78
The Revolt against the Church
Cristiani, Léon
Jun-62
88
79
The Age of Absolutism
Braure, Maurice
Dec-63
114
Section VIII. The Organization of the Church
Listing of Volumes Published for Section VIII
Volume
Title
Author(s)
Date
Publication Order
80
What is Canon Law?
Metz, Rene
Jan-60
34
81
The Papacy
Ormesson, Wladimir, comte d'
Feb-59
12
82
The Ecumenical Councils
Dvornik, Francis
Jan-61
57
83
What is a Bishop?
Urtasun, Joseph
Aug-62
91
84
What is a Cardinal?
Lierde, Petrus Canisius van, Bp., and Giraud, Alexandre
Jul-64
122
85
Religions Orders of Men
Canu, Jean
Feb-60
36
86
Religions Orders of Women
Malard, Suzanne
Oct-64
123
87
Secular Institutes
Reidy, Gabriel
May-62
85
88
The Catholic Spirit
Rétif, André
Jun-59
19
Section IX. The Church and the Modern World
Listing of Volumes Published for Section IX
Volume
Title
Author(s)
Date
Publication Order
89
Church and State
Woodruff, Douglas
Dec-61
79
90
Christianity and Economics
Hollis, Christopher
Jan-61
58
91
Atheism
Borne, Etienne
Jul-61
69
92
Catholicism in English-Speaking Lands
Carthy, M. P. (Mary Peter)
Feb-64
116
93
Psychiatry and the Christian
Dominian, Jack
Sep-62
93
94
Technology and Religion
Queffélec, Henri
Feb-64
115
95
The Christian and World Integration
Leclercq, Jacques
Apr-63
103
96
Christianity and Communism
Chambre, Henri
Apr-60
40
97
Christianity and Colonialism
Delavignette, Robert Louis
Jun-64
119
98
Holiness in Action
Cluny, Roland
Apr-63
104
99
History of the Missions
Vaulx, Bernard de
Apr-61
64
100
Missions in the World Today
Millot, René Pierre
Jul-61
70
101
The Contribution of German Catholicism
Dru, Alexander
Oct-63
109
102
The Church's Mission in the World
Rétif, Louis and Rétif, André Rétif
Apr-62
84
103
The Church and Sex
Trevett, Reginald Frederick
Mar-60
37
104
The Church and the Workingman
Cronin, John F. (John Francis); Flannery, Harry W.
Nov-65
134
105
Christian Charity in Action
Riquet, Michel
Dec-61
80
106
International Morality
Soras, Alfred de
Aug-63
105
107
Why We Believe
Cristiani, Léon
Apr-59
15
Section X. The Worship of the Church
Listing of Volumes Published for Section X
Volume
Title
Author(s)
Date
Publication Order
108
The Spirit of Worship
Lefebvre, Gaspar, O.S.B
Nov-59
30
109
The Liturgical Books
Sheppard, Lancelot C. (Lancelot Capel)
Oct-62
96
110
History of the Mass
Amiot, F. (François)
Jan-59
9
111
The Mass in the West
Sheppard, Lancelot C. (Lancelot Capel)
Jan-62
82
112
Eastern Liturgies
Dalmais, Irénée Henri
May-60
42
113
The Christian Calendar
Denis-Boulet, Noële M.
Jun-60
43
114
Vestments and Church Furniture
Lesage, Robert
Mar-60
38
115
The Liturgical Movement
By the sacerdotal communities of Saint-Sev́erin of Paris and Saint-Joseph of Nice
Bergounioux, F.-M. (Frédéric-Marie); Goetz, Joseph
Jan-66
135
141
Religions of the Ancient East
Drioton, Étienne
1965
134
142
Greek and Roman Religion
Hus, Alain
Sep-62
94
143
Mohammedanism
Gardet, Louis
Jun-61
68
144
Hinduism
Lemaître, Solange
Aug-59
24
145
Buddhism
Berry, Thomas
Feb-67
142
146
Christianity and Other Religions
Zaehner, R. C. (Robert Charles)
Apr-64
117
Section XVI. General and Supplementary Volumes
Listing of Volumes Published for Section XVI
Volume
Title
Author(s)
Date
Publication Order
Note
147
What is Society?
Zahn, Gordon C. (Gordon Charles)
Dec-64
128
148
Law and Morals
St. John-Stevas, Norman
Oct-64
124
149 & 150
Index
Sprug, Joseph W.
1971
one book assigned two volume numbers
References
^Anonymous (c. 1958). Announcing The Twentieth Century Encyclopedia of Catholicism. Hawthorn Books. pp. 3–4.
^Anonymous (c. 1958). Announcing The Twentieth Century Encyclopedia of Catholicism. Hawthorn Books. p. 10.
^Sprug, James, ed. (1964). Index: To Volumes 69-108 in Order of Publication, The Twentieth Century Encyclopedia of Catholicism. Hawthorn Books. p. 104.
^Sprug, James, ed. (1959). Index To the First Sixteen Volumes Published in The Twentieth Century Encyclopedia of Catholicism. Hawthorn Books. p. 2.
^Sprug, James, ed. (1959). Index To the First Sixteen Volumes Published in The Twentieth Century Encyclopedia of Catholicism. Hawthorn Books. p. rear cover.
^"New Catholic Encyclopedia". New York Times. January 13, 1958. p. 19.
^Anonymous (c. 1958). Announcing The Twentieth Century Encyclopedia of Catholicism. Hawthorn Books. p. 4.
^Anonymous (c. 1958). Announcing The Twentieth Century Encyclopedia of Catholicism. Hawthorn Books. p. 4.
^Sprug, James, ed. (1964). Index: To Volumes 69-108 in Order of Publication, The Twentieth Century Encyclopedia of Catholicism. Hawthorn Books. p. rear cover.
^Sprug, James, ed. (1964). Index: To Volumes 69-108 in Order of Publication, The Twentieth Century Encyclopedia of Catholicism. pp. 99–102.