Bagian dari seri mengenai |
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Sejarah Afganistan |
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Garis Waktu |
Kuno Peradaban Lembah Sungai Indus | 2200–1800 SM | Peradaban Oxus | 2100–1800 SM | Kerajaan Gandhara | 1500–535 SM | Kekaisaran Media | 728–550 SM | Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah | 550–330 SM | Kekaisaran Seleukia | 330–150 SM | Kekaisaran Maurya | 305–180 SM | Kerajaan Yunani-Baktria | 256–125 SM | Kekaisaran Parthia | 247 SM–224 AD | Kerajaan Indo-Yunani | 180–130 SM | Kerajaan Indo-Skhitia | 155–80? SM | Kekaisaran Kushan | 135 SM – 248 AD | Indo-Parthian Kingdom | 20 SM – 50? AD | Kekaisaran Sasaniyah | 230–651 | Kidarit | 320–465 | Alchon Huns | 380–560 | Hun Putih | 410–557 | Nezak Huns | 484–711 |
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Pertengahan Kabul Shahi | 565–879 | Kepangeranan Chaghaniyan | abad ke 7–8 | Kekhalifahan Rasyidun | 652–661 | Umayyah | 661–750 | Abbasiyah | 750–821 | Tahiriyah | 821–873 | Saffariyah | 863–900 | Samaniyah | 875–999 | Ghaznawiyah | 963–1187 | Ghuriyah | before 879–1215 | Seljuk Raya | 1037–1194 | Khwarezmia | 1215–1231 | Invasi Mongol | 1219–1226 | Kekhanan Chagatai | 1226–1245 | Qarlughi | 1224–1266 | Ilkhanat | 1256–1335 | Kart | 1245–1381 | Timuriyah | 1370–1507 | Arghun | 1520–1591 |
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- Kategori
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Etnonim Afgan (Dari/Pashtun: افغان) dalam sejarahnya digunakan untuk merujuk pada Pashtun.[1] Sejak paruh kedua abad keduapuluh, istilah "Afgan" berevolusi menjadi demonim untuk seluruh penduduk Afganistan, termasuk masyarakat non-Pashtun.[1][2]
Lihat pula
- Daftar etimologi nama negara
- Nama Afganistan
Referensi
- ^ a b Huang, Guiyou (2008-12-30). The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Asian American Literature [3 volumes] (dalam bahasa Inggris). ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-56720-736-1.
In Afghanistan, up until the 1970s, the common reference to Afghan meant Pashtun. Other groups were known as Farsiwan, meaning Persian-speakers. Tajiks (northeast region), Uzbeks (northern region), Turkmen (northern region), Kazak (northern region). or Hazara (central region). The term Afghan as an inclusive term for all ethnic groups was an effort begun by the "modernizing" King Amanullah (1909-1921), who went as far as printing the four different languages on the four corners of his money. Later this was continued by King Mohammad Zahir, who tried to unify the country under the banner of Afghan.
- ^ Tyler, John A. (2021-10-10). Afghanistan Graveyard of Empires: Why the Most Powerful Armies of Their Time Found Only Defeat or Shame in This Land Of Endless Wars (dalam bahasa Inggris). Aries Consolidated LLC. ISBN 978-1-387-68356-7.
The largest ethnic group in Afghanistan is that of Pashtuns, who were historically known as the Afghans. The term Afghan is now intended to indicate people of other ethnic groups as well.
Nama Asia |
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Negara berdaulat | - Afganistan
- Arab Saudi
- Armenia1
- Azerbaijan1
- Bahrain
- Bangladesh
- Bhutan
- Brunei
- Filipina
- Georgia1
- India
- Indonesia
- Irak
- Iran
- Israel
- Jepang
- Kamboja
- Kazakhstan3
- Kirgizstan
- Korea Selatan
- Korea Utara
- Kuwait
- Laos
- Lebanon
- Maladewa
- Malaysia
- Mesir3
- Mongolia
- Myanmar
- Nepal
- Oman
- Pakistan
- Qatar
- Rusia3
- Singapura
- Siprus1
- Sri Lanka
- Suriah
- Tajikistan
- Thailand
- Timor Leste2
- Tiongkok
- Turki3
- Turkmenistan
- Uni Emirat Arab
- Uzbekistan
- Vietnam
- Yaman
- Yordania
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Negara dengan pengakuan terbatas | - Abkhazia1
- Republik Artsakh1
- Ossetia Selatan1
- Palestina
- Siprus Utara1
- Republik Tiongkok
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Dependensi dan wilayah lain | - Kepulauan Cocos (Keeling)
- Hong Kong
- Makau
- Pulau Natal
- Wilayah Samudra Hindia Britania
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1 Terkadang dimasukkan ke Eropa, tergantung definisi perbatasan. 2 Terkadang dimasukkan ke Oseania. 3 Negara lintas benua. |