Letizia Bonaparte

Maria-Letizia Buonaparte^[a] (née Ramolino;^[b] 24 Agustus 1749^[c] – 2 Februari 1836), dikenal sebagai Letizia Bonaparte, merupakan seorang bangsawati yang berasal dari Korsika, Prancis. Ia adalah ibunda Napoleon I dari Prancis, dan dikenal sebagai “Madame Mère” setelah proklamasi Kekaisaran. Ia menghabiskan masa tuanya di Roma dimana ia meninggal pada bulan Februari 1836.

Catatan

^ Before the annexation of Corsica to France in 1768, the family used both spelling Bonaparte and Buonaparte^[1] After the family fled to France in 1793, they started using exclusively the French spelling of their names^[2]
^ sometimes spelled Romolini in italian^[3]
^ born either in late 1749 or early 1750^[4]

Referensi

Kutipan

^ Houghton Mifflin 2005, hlm. 97.
^ Dwyer 2014, hlm. 27.
^ Vita di Napoleone Buonaparte imperatore de' Francesi 1827, hlm. 12.
^ Tulard & Waugh 1984, hlm. 77.

Bibliografi

McLynn, F. (2011). Napoleon: A Biography. Arcade. ISBN 978-1-62872-025-9.
de Carolis, P. (2014). Letizia R. Bonaparte, la mère de toutes les douleurs (dalam bahasa Prancis). Place des éditeurs. ISBN 978-2-259-22968-5.
Decaux, A. (1959). Letizia, mère de l'Empereur (dalam bahasa Prancis). A. Fayard.
Burton, J.K.; Burton, J.K.; Conner, S.P. (2007). Napoleon and the Woman Question. Texas Tech University Press. ISBN 978-0-89672-559-1.
Tulard, J.; Waugh, T. (1984). Napoleon: The Myth of the Saviour. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-78439-5.
Dwyer, P.G. (2014). Napoleon and Europe. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-317-88271-8.
de Bourrienne, L.A.F. (1832). The Life of Napoleon Bonaparte. Carey and Lea.
Dwyer, P. (2013). Citizen Emperor: Napoleon in Power (dalam bahasa Prancis). Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-16243-1.
Williams, H.N. (2018). Revival: The Women Bonapartes vol. I (1908): The Mother and Three Sisters of Napoleon I. Routledge Revivals. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-351-34236-0.
Falk, A. (2015). Napoleon Against Himself: A Psychobiography. Pitchstone Publishing. ISBN 978-1-939578-72-3.
Ulbrich, C.; von Greyerz, K.; Heiligensetzer, L. (2014). Mapping the 'I': Research on Self-Narratives in Germany and Switzerland. Egodocuments and History Series. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-28397-8.
Masson, F. (2016). Napoléon dans sa jeunesse: 1769-1793 (dalam bahasa Prancis). BnF collection ebooks. ISBN 978-2-346-10671-4.
Roberts, A. (2014). Napoleon: A Life. Penguin Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-698-17628-7.
Hibbert, C. (2002). Napoleon: His Wives and Women. HarperCollins.
Lévy, M. (1852). Dictionnaire de la conversation et de la lecture (dalam bahasa Prancis). Michel Lévy Frères.
The Riverside Dictionary of Biography. Houghton Mifflin. 2005. ISBN 978-0-618-49337-1.
Carrington, D. (1990). Napoleon and His Parents: On the Threshold of History. Dutton. ISBN 978-0-525-24833-0.
Vita di Napoleone Buonaparte imperatore de' Francesi (dalam bahasa Italia). 1827.
Abjorensen, N. (2019). Historical Dictionary of Democracy. Historical Dictionaries of Religions, Philosophies, and Movements Series. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 978-1-5381-2074-3.
Abrantès, L.J. (1834). Memoirs of Celebrated Women of All Countries. E. Churton.
Williams, H.N. (2018). Revival: The Women Bonapartes vol. II (1908): The Mother and Three Sisters of Napoleon I. Routledge Revivals. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-351-34245-2.
Larrey, F.H.B.; Larrey, H. (1892). Madame mère: (Napoleonis mater) (dalam bahasa Prancis). E. Dentu.
Volkmann, J.C. (1998). Généalogies des rois et des princes. Bien connaître (dalam bahasa Prancis). Gisserot. ISBN 978-2-87747-374-3.
Boissonnade, E. 18 Brumaire an VIII: Le coup d'Etat de Napoléon Bonaparte (dalam bahasa Prancis). Frédérique PATAT. ISBN 978-2-37324-008-5.
Valynseele, J.; de Warren, R.; Pinoteau, H. (1954). Le sang des Bonaparte (dalam bahasa Prancis). Selbstverl.
Decaux, A. (1962). Napoleon's Mother. Cresset Press.