Erwin Baur
Erwin Baur | |
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Born | (1875-04-16)16 April 1875 Ichenheim, Grand Duchy of Baden |
Died | 2 December 1933(1933-12-02) (aged 58) |
Known for | Plant virology; discovery of the inheritance of plastids |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Plant genetics |
Institutions | Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Breeding Research, Müncheberg, Germany |
Erwin Baur (16 April 1875, in Ichenheim, Grand Duchy of Baden – 2 December 1933) was a German geneticist and botanist. Baur worked primarily on plant genetics. He was director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Breeding Research (then in Müncheberg, now in Cologne, and since 1938 the Erwin Baur-Institute). Baur is considered to be the father of plant virology. He discovered the inheritance of plastids.[1]
In 1908 Baur demonstrated a lethal gene in the Antirrhinum plant. In 1909 working on the chloroplast genes in Pelargonium (geraniums) he showed that they violated four of Mendel's five laws. Baur stated that
- plastids are carriers of hereditary factors which are able to mutate.
- in variegated plants, random sorting out of plastids is taking place.
- the genetic results indicate a biparental inheritance of plastids by egg cells and sperm cells in pelargonium.
Since the 1930s and the work of Otto Renner, plastid inheritance became a widely accepted genetic theory.
In 1921 and 1932, together with Fritz Lenz and Eugen Fischer, Baur coauthored two volumes that became the book Menschliche Erblichkeitslehre (Human Heredity), which was a major influence on the racial theories of Adolf Hitler. The work served a chief inspiration for biological support in Hitler's Mein Kampf.[2]
References
- ^ Hagemann, R. 2000. Erwin Baur or Carl Correns: who really created the theory of plastid inheritance? Archived 2005-03-16 at the Wayback Machine. Journal of Heredity 91:435-440.
- ^ "Human biodiversity: genes, race, and history", Jonathan M. Marks. Transaction Publishers, 1995. p. 88. ISBN 0-202-02033-9, ISBN 978-0-202-02033-4.
External links
- Short Biography, bibliography, and links on digitized sources in the Virtual Laboratory of the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science
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- Louis Agassiz
- John Baker
- Erwin Baur
- John Beddoe
- Robert Bennett Bean
- François Bernier
- Renato Biasutti
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach
- Franz Boas
- Daniel Garrison Brinton
- Paul Broca
- Alice Mossie Brues
- Halfdan Bryn
- Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon
- Charles Caldwell
- Petrus Camper
- Samuel A. Cartwright
- Houston Stewart Chamberlain
- Sonia Mary Cole
- Carleton S. Coon
- Georges Cuvier
- Jan Czekanowski
- Charles Davenport
- Joseph Deniker
- Egon Freiherr von Eickstedt
- Anténor Firmin
- Eugen Fischer
- Francis Galton
- Stanley Marion Garn
- Reginald Ruggles Gates
- George Gliddon
- Arthur de Gobineau
- Madison Grant
- John Grattan
- Hans F. K. Günther
- Ernst Haeckel
- Frederick Ludwig Hoffman
- Earnest Hooton
- Julian Huxley
- Thomas Henry Huxley
- Calvin Ira Kephart
- Robert Knox
- Robert E. Kuttner
- Georges Vacher de Lapouge
- Fritz Lenz
- Carl Linnaeus
- Cesare Lombroso
- Bertil Lundman
- Felix von Luschan
- Dominick McCausland
- John Mitchell
- Ashley Montagu
- Lewis H. Morgan
- Samuel George Morton
- Josiah C. Nott
- Karl Pearson
- Roger Pearson
- Oscar Peschel
- Isaac La Peyrère
- Charles Pickering
- Ludwig Hermann Plate
- Alfred Ploetz
- James Cowles Prichard
- Otto Reche
- Gustaf Retzius
- William Z. Ripley
- Alfred Rosenberg
- Benjamin Rush
- Henric Sanielevici
- Heinrich Schmidt
- Ilse Schwidetzky
- Charles Gabriel Seligman
- Giuseppe Sergi
- Samuel Stanhope Smith
- Herbert Spencer
- Morris Steggerda
- Lothrop Stoddard
- William Graham Sumner
- Thomas Griffith Taylor
- Paul Topinard
- John H. Van Evrie
- Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer
- Alexander Winchell
- Ludwig Woltmann
- An Essay upon the Causes of the Different Colours of People
in Different Climates (1744) - The Outline of History of Mankind (1785)
- Occasional Discourse on the Negro Question (1849)
- An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races (1855)
- The Races of Europe (Ripley, 1899)
- The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century (1899)
- Race Life of the Aryan Peoples (1907)
- Heredity in Relation to Eugenics (1911)
- Castes in India (1916)
- The Passing of the Great Race (1916)
- The Rising Tide of Color Against White World-Supremacy (1920)
- The Myth of the Twentieth Century (1930)
- Annihilation of Caste (1936)
- The Races of Europe (Coon, 1939)
- An Investigation of Global Policy with the Yamato Race as Nucleus (1943)
- The Race Question (1950)
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